Sulfur-Modified Resin Reagents for Low-Concentration Target Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing in vitro diagnostic methods using resin particles for detecting target substances suffer from nonspecific adsorption of target and impurities, leading to noise in measurements and false positives, especially when detecting low-concentration targets.
Innovation Solution
A test reagent comprising thiourea compounds and sulfur element-containing resin particles, which suppress nonspecific adsorption through improved hydrophilicity and electrostatic repulsion, allowing for the detection of low-concentration target substances.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If resin particles are used for detecting target substances, then detection capability is improved, but nonspecific adsorption of impurities occurs leading to measurement noise
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the surface properties of resin particles by introducing sulfur-containing groups (sulfonic acid groups, sulfinyl groups, or thiol groups) to change the chemical and physical parameters of the particle surface. This creates electrostatic repulsion and improved hydrophilicity that specifically reduces nonspecific adsorption of impurities while maintaining detection capability for target substances.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite structure by combining resin particles with sulfur-containing functional groups. This composite approach integrates the detection functionality of resin particles with the nonspecific adsorption suppression provided by sulfur-containing groups, achieving both detection capability and reduced measurement noise.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If biologically derived macromolecules are coated on resin particles to reduce nonspecific adsorption, then adsorption suppression is improved, but production consistency deteriorates due to lot variations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces biologically derived macromolecules (which vary between production lots) with sulfur-containing groups that are chemically stable and can be consistently incorporated into resin particles through controlled chemical modification. This eliminates the lot variation problem while maintaining nonspecific adsorption suppression.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the surface chemistry parameter by introducing sulfur-containing groups that provide consistent electrostatic repulsion and hydrophilicity across production batches. This chemical modification approach ensures manufacturing precision and consistency that varies with biologically derived materials.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If hydrophilic macromolecules are used to coat resin particles, then biocompatibility is improved, but macromolecule liberation occurs upon dilution
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the resin particle surface by introducing sulfur-containing groups that provide electrostatic repulsion and hydrophilicity without relying on macromolecule coatings. This surface modification approach maintains stability upon dilution while suppressing nonsspecific adsorption, avoiding the macromolecule liberation problem.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the nonspecific adsorption suppression function from macromolecule coatings and implements it directly at the resin particle surface through sulfur-containing groups. This eliminates the need for macromolecules that would be liberated upon dilution, maintaining both functionality and stability.
4Object-affected harmful factors
If sulfur element is introduced into resin particles to prevent nonspecific adsorption, then hydrophilicity is improved, but false positive results occur due to residual adsorption
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the sulfur-containing groups (sulfonic acid, sulfinyl, or thiol groups) on the resin particle surface to achieve the optimal balance of hydrophilicity and electrostatic repulsion. This parameter optimization maximizes nonspecific adsorption suppression while minimizing false positive results through precise control of surface chemistry.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite resin particle system with sulfur-containing functional groups that provide both hydrophilicity and electrostatic repulsion. This composite structure achieves superior nonspecific adsorption suppression compared to simple sulfur incorporation, reducing false positives while maintaining detection accuracy.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The combination of thiourea compounds and sulfur element-containing resin particles significantly reduces nonspecific adsorption, enabling accurate detection of low-concentration target substances by inhibiting agglutination and enhancing detection sensitivity.
Implementation Method 1
an improvement in hydrophilicity of each of the resin particles through the incorporation of the sulfur element
Implementation Method 2
electrostatic repulsion between the particles
Implementation Method 3
enabling accurate detection of low-concentration target substances by inhibiting agglutination and enhancing detection sensitivity
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are a test reagent that is reduced in nonspecific adsorption and is capable of detecting a low-concentration target substance, and a detection method including using the test reagent. The test reagent is a test reagent for in vitro diagnosis including: a thiourea compound; and resin particles, wherein the resin particles each have a sulfur element.