High-Voltage Supercapacitor Electrolyte Solute Design
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Solution Overview
Problem
Supercapacitors have limited energy density and working voltage, leading to premature failure and reduced service life due to electrolyte decomposition at high voltages, restricting their application in hybrid and electric vehicles.
Innovation Solution
Development of a high-voltage electrolyte solute with specific chemical structures and anions, combined with suitable solvents like nitriles and ethers, to enhance the working voltage and service life of supercapacitors, maintaining high power density and stability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If the working voltage of the supercapacitor is increased to improve energy density, then the energy density is improved, but the electrolyte is electrochemically decomposed resulting in increased pressure and decreased electrochemical performance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the electrolyte by introducing specific solute structures (formulas 1-3) with particular functional groups and molecular architectures. These parameter changes enable the electrolyte to withstand higher voltages (2.7-3.2V) without decomposition, thus improving energy density while maintaining reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite electrolyte system combining specifically structured solutes (with formulas 1-3) and conventional solvents (acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, etc.). This composite approach leverages the high voltage resistance of the new solute structures while maintaining the beneficial electrochemical properties of conventional electrolyte solvents
2Ease of manufacture
If conventional electrolytes are used to achieve low cost and good initial performance, then the manufacturing cost is low and initial performance is good, but the service life is significantly degraded when working at high voltage
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the solute structure parameters by introducing specific cyclic ammonium structures (formulas 1-3) with defined functional groups. These parameter changes enhance the electrolyte's voltage stability and service life while maintaining compatibility with conventional manufacturing processes and cost-effective synthesis routes
3Reliability
If acid scavengers are added to alleviate pressure increase rate to improve working voltage, then the working voltage is improved in early period, but the electrochemical performance is significantly degraded with extension of service life
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the need for acid scavengers by incorporating high voltage resistance directly into the electrolyte solute structure (formulas 1-3). This structural approach inherently prevents electrolyte decomposition and pressure buildup without requiring additional additives, thus achieving both high working voltage and long service life
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces specifically structured solutes (formulas 1-3) as intermediaries that mediate between the electrodes and the electrolyte solvent. These solute structures prevent direct harmful interactions that lead to decomposition, thereby maintaining stable electrochemical performance and long service life at high voltages
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The high-voltage supercapacitors using the new electrolyte operate stably at 2.7 V to 3.2 V, significantly increasing energy density and prolonging the working life while maintaining high power density.
Implementation Method 1
A supercapacitor, also referred to as gold capacitor or electrochemical capacitor, stores energy by means of ion adsorption (electric double layer capacitor) or a rapid surface redox reaction (pseudocapacitor)
Implementation Method 2
A supercapacitor, also referred to as gold capacitor or electrochemical capacitor, stores energy by means of ion adsorption (electric double layer capacitor) or a rapid surface redox reaction (pseudocapacitor)
Implementation Method 3
when working at a voltage exceeding 2.7 V, an electrolyte of a currently commercialized supercapacitor may be electrochemically decomposed, resulting in a significant increase in the pressure within the capacitor
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to the electrochemical field, particularly to an electrolyte solute and an electrolyte that are used for a high-voltage supercapacitor, and a high-voltage supercapacitor using the electrolyte. The anion of the electrolyte solute may be one or more selected from tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, tris (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) methyl and perfluoroalkyl sulfonate, and the cation may be N-methyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane ammonium, N,N-dimethyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane ammonium, N-methyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane ammonium. The high-voltage supercapacitor fabricated by using the electrolyte formulated by the electrolyte solute of the present invention can work stably for a long period of time at a voltage of 2.7 V to 3.2 V, the energy density is greatly increased, the property of high power density is maintained, and the working life is prolonged.