Superconducting Frequency Multiplexing for Low-Heat Signal Transfer

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Solution Overview

Problem

The lack of high-density memory in superconducting computing systems and the challenge of transmitting encoded logical bit information between superconducting and semiconductor domains, along with thermal radiation issues from power dissipation, hinder the performance of hybrid computing systems.

Innovation Solution

A superconducting circuit generates frequency multiplexed AC signals encoding logical bit values, which are demultiplexed and decoded in the higher-temperature domain, reducing thermal conductivity and using fewer metallic interconnections.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If multiple logical bit signals are transmitted through separate metallic interconnections between superconducting and semiconductor domains, then signal transmission reliability is improved, but thermal conductivity increases and thermal heating worsens

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal transmission reliabilityVSAvoidthermal heating
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple logical bit signals are merged into a single multiplexed signal by encoding them onto different frequency carriers. This consolidation reduces the number of metallic interconnections from multiple separate lines to a single transmission line, thereby reducing thermal conductivity and thermal heating while maintaining signal transmission reliability through frequency division multiplexing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The transmission system transitions from spatial multiplexing (multiple parallel interconnections) to frequency multiplexing (another dimension). By encoding multiple logical bits onto different frequency carriers within a single transmission line, the system achieves high-dimensional signal representation that reduces physical interconnection requirements and associated thermal issues

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Adaptability or versatility

If multiple metallic interconnections are used to transmit logical bit information, then communication capability between domains is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecommunication capabilityVSAvoidnumber of interconnections
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple communication channels are merged into a single multiplexed transmission line by combining multiple logical bit signals onto different frequency carriers. This reduces the number of interconnections from multiple separate lines to one, simplifying the device architecture while maintaining full communication capability through frequency-division multiplexing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

A single transmission line is designed to perform multiple functions by carrying multiple frequency-multiplexed signals simultaneously. This universal interconnection replaces multiple dedicated lines, reducing device complexity while maintaining adaptability and versatility of the communication interface between superconducting and semiconductor domains

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Temperature

If frequency multiplexed signals are transmitted through a single output line, then thermal conductivity is reduced and thermal heating is minimized, but signal transmission complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal heatingVSAvoidsignal transmission complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system replaces physical separation of multiple transmission lines with electromagnetic frequency multiplexing. Instead of using multiple separate mechanical interconnections, the invention encodes multiple logical bit signals onto different frequency carriers within a single transmission line, reducing thermal conductivity while managing complexity through electronic frequency management rather than physical multiplication of interconnections

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach achieves high throughput and low latency in hybrid computing systems by minimizing thermal heating and maintaining the cold temperatures needed in the superconducting domain, enabling efficient communication between superconducting and semiconductor domains.

Implementation Method 1

The oscillator stage comprises a direct current superconducting quantum interference device (DC SQUID)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSuperconducting quantum interference device (DC SQUID): Josephson Effect

Implementation Method 2

maintaining the cold temperatures needed in the superconducting domain

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation control: Thermal Radiation

Data Source

PatentEP4338291B1Transmitting frequency multiplexed signals from a superconducting domain
Publication Date: 2025.11.12 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP4338291B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4338291B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4338291B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A circuit configured to transmit frequency multiplexed signals (208) from a superconducting domain (201) to a higher temperature domain (202). The circuit comprising a multiplexed signal output (208) and a plurality of superconducting oscillator circuits (204) each configured to output a different carrier frequency, each superconducting oscillator circuit comprising an oscillator output connected to the multiplexed signal output. Each superconducting oscillator circuit comprising a converter stage configured to convert an input (206) of a superconducting logic signal to a Single Flux Quantum (SFQ) bit value, a splitter stage electrically connected to an output of the converter stage, the splitter stage configured to change between a first current state and a second current state based at least in part on the SFQ bit value, and an oscillator stage magnetically coupled to an output of the splitter stage and electrically coupled to the oscillator output. The oscillator stage comprising a direct current superconducting quantum interference device (DC SQUID).