Superconducting Magnet Flow Rate Ratio Maintaining Mechanism
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing superconducting magnets and cryogenic systems face challenges in suppressing heat intrusion into coolant containers when there is no electric power supply, as flow rate control valves do not function during power breakdowns or transportation, and there is no consideration for helium gas flow rate adjustment in superconducting magnetic shields.
Innovation Solution
A superconducting magnet design that includes a fixed-type refrigerator and current lead, with a flow rate ratio maintaining mechanism using hand valves or orifices in pipes to maintain a constant flow rate ratio of helium gas between flow paths, allowing effective heat suppression even without electric power.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If flow rate control valves are used to control helium gas flow paths, then heat intrusion can be suppressed during normal operation, but the valves do not function during power breakdown or transportation
Solution Approach 1:
The flow rate control mechanism uses the inherent properties of the system (pressure differences, thermal expansion, or gravity) to automatically regulate helium gas flow without requiring external power or active control during normal operation, while maintaining functionality during power breakdowns and transportation
2Temperature
If flow rate regulating valves are adjusted to optimize helium gas circulation, then cooling efficiency is improved, but the system becomes complex and requires power supply
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses passive flow rate control mechanisms that automatically optimize helium gas circulation based on temperature gradients and pressure differences without requiring complex active control systems or external power supply
Solution Approach 2:
The flow rate control mechanism exploits changes in physical parameters (temperature, pressure, density) of helium gas to automatically regulate flow rates, eliminating the need for complex electronic control systems
3Loss of energy
If multiple flow paths are provided for helium gas circulation, then heat intrusion is reduced, but maintaining flow rate ratio becomes difficult without power supply
Solution Approach 1:
The flow rate ratio maintaining mechanism uses the natural behavior of helium gas (pressure equalization, thermal expansion) to automatically maintain stable flow rate ratios between multiple flow paths without requiring active control or power supply
Solution Approach 2:
The flow paths are designed with asymmetric characteristics (different cross-sections, lengths, or resistance) that inherently guide the helium gas to distribute in stable proportions, eliminating the need for active flow rate ratio control
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design enables the maintenance of a flow rate ratio of helium gas between flow paths, effectively suppressing heat intrusion into the coolant container, even during power outages or transportation, by utilizing a non-removable fixed-type refrigerator and current lead with a flow rate ratio maintaining mechanism.
Implementation Method 1
a refrigerator (170) for cooling the radiation shield (120) and the inside of the coolant container (130)
Implementation Method 2
a first pipe (180) passing through the vacuum container (110) and the radiation shield (120) and leading to the inside of the coolant container (130) to form a flow path of vaporized coolant
Implementation Method 3
a superconducting coil (140)
Data Source
AI summary
A superconducting magnet includes: a superconducting coil; a coolant container; a radiation shield; a vacuum container; a refrigerator; a current lead; a first pipe including a mounting opening in which the refrigerator is inserted and fixed; a second pipe including a lead-out opening through which the current lead passes to be led out; and a flow rate ratio maintaining mechanism connected to at least one of the downstream side of the mounting opening of the first pipe and the downstream side of the lead-out opening of the second pipe, the flow rate ratio maintaining mechanism allowing the vaporized coolant to flow through the first pipe and the second pipe at a constant flow rate ratio.