Superconducting Motor Current Waveform Optimization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Superconducting motor windings experience disproportionate power losses and self-heating due to superconductivity effects, leading to increased cooling demands that negatively impact the power balance and efficiency, especially when operating at low temperatures.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a current control curve that deviates from sinusoidal patterns to optimized rectangular or trapezoidal waveforms, adapted to the geometry and properties of the superconductor, with reduced peak currents during maximum inductance periods and shifted load distribution, and using converter technologies for variable speed and power management.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If sinusoidal current curves are used to operate the motor, then homogeneous rotary behavior is achieved, but power losses and self-heating of the superconducting winding increase disproportionately

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehomogeneous rotary behaviorVSAvoidpower losses in superconducting winding
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the current waveform parameter from sinusoidal to rectangular or trapezoidal shapes, and adjusts the timing parameter by reducing peak current specifically during maximum inductance periods. This parameter modification reduces power losses in the superconducting winding while maintaining acceptable rotary behavior through compensatory control strategies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamic current control that adapts the current waveform in real-time based on the motor's operational state. The controller dynamically adjusts the current profile, reducing peak currents during high inductance periods and shifting load distribution, thereby optimizing the balance between rotary behavior stability and power loss minimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Ease of operation

If sinusoidal current curves are used, then conventional control operation is maintained, but cooling capacity requirements increase disproportionately

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconventional control operationVSAvoidcooling capacity requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the current waveform parameter from sinusoidal to rectangular or trapezoidal shapes with reduced peak values during maximum inductance. This change reduces power losses in the superconducting winding, which directly decreases the heat generation and thus the cooling capacity requirements, while the control system maintains ease of operation through adaptive control strategies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Loss of energy

If peak current is reduced during maximum inductance periods, then losses in superconducting material are minimized, but current distribution along the current curve must be shifted

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelosses in superconducting materialVSAvoidcurrent curve control complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic current control that adapts the current waveform in real-time based on the motor's operational state. The controller dynamically adjusts the current profile, reducing peak currents during high inductance periods and shifting load distribution to other phases, thereby optimizing the balance between loss minimization and control complexity through adaptive algorithms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach minimizes losses in superconducting materials, reducing the need for excessive cooling capacity and enhancing motor performance while maintaining or increasing output power with reduced cooling supply power.

Implementation Method 1

windings made of superconducting material which, for the operation of the motor, are cooled below a critical temperature where the resistance of the winding decreases abruptly

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSuperconductivity: Superconductivity

Implementation Method 2

such heating in these areas leads to a disproportionately high cooling capacity that must be provided on the motor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCooling: Cooling

Data Source

PatentEP2801151B1Current curve for a superconducting electrical machine
Publication Date: 2016.04.20 OSWALD ELEKTROMOTOREN
  • EP2801151B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1C
  • EP2801151B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2C
  • EP2801151B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3C

AI summary

The invention relates to a motor which is provided with windings of a superconducting material which, for the operation of the motor, are cooled down below a transition temperature, the motor and especially the windings being actuated following an optimized substantially rectangular or trapezoid current curve in order to optimize operation.