Airborne Super-Continuum Hyperspectral LiDAR System
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional hyperspectral and LiDAR systems cannot simultaneously acquire hyperspectral data and 3D spatial data of ground objects, especially at night, due to reliance on solar light sources and limitations in data fusion, leading to difficulties in precisely matching heterogeneous data.
Innovation Solution
An airborne super-continuum 50-band hyperspectral LiDAR system with a spectral range of 400-900 nm, utilizing a super-continuum laser system, optical transmitting and receiving systems, and detection elements to actively acquire hyperspectral and 3D spatial data using continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light, enabling all-time data collection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If traditional hyperspectral imaging technology is used, then wide spectral data of the ground object surface can be acquired, but 3D spatial data of the ground object cannot be simultaneously acquired
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges hyperspectral imaging technology with LiDAR technology into a single integrated system. The hyperspectral imager captures spectral data across 400-900nm range with 50 bands, while the LiDAR system simultaneously captures 3D spatial information including vertical distribution data. Both sensors are co-mounted on the same platform and synchronized to observe the same ground area, enabling simultaneous acquisition of comprehensive spectral and spatial information that neither system could achieve alone.
2Measurement precision
If traditional LiDAR is used, then 3D spatial data can be acquired, but hyperspectral data of the ground object surface cannot be acquired
Solution Approach 1:
The system integrates a multi-band LiDAR capable of emitting laser beams across 50 spectral bands (400-900nm) with a hyperspectral imager. The LiDAR system maintains its 3D spatial measurement precision while simultaneously capturing spectral information across multiple bands. The combined system processes both the temporal flight information from LiDAR and spectral data from the imager to generate comprehensive hyperspectral point cloud data with full spectral and spatial characteristics.
3Illumination intensity
If traditional hyperspectral imaging relying on solar light source is used, then hyperspectral data can be acquired during daytime, but hyperspectral data cannot be acquired at night
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an active illumination system using broadband light sources (super-continuum laser or halogen lamp) as an intermediary between the sensor and ground object. This artificial light source provides the necessary illumination for hyperspectral imaging during nighttime conditions, eliminating dependency on solar light. The light source is coupled with the hyperspectral imager through optical components (lenses, mirrors, fiber optics) to illuminate the ground target and capture reflected spectral information, enabling all-time data acquisition capability.
4Adaptability or versatility
If data fusion technology based on traditional hyperspectrum and LiDAR is used, then certain limitations in data matching are overcome, but precise matching of heterogeneous data remains difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the hyperspectral imager and LiDAR into a single integrated observation system with unified coordinate systems and synchronized timing. Both sensors observe the same ground area simultaneously from the same platform position, eliminating the need for complex post-processing data fusion. The system directly generates hyperspectral point cloud data where each point contains both precise 3D spatial coordinates from LiDAR and spectral signatures from the hyperspectral imager, achieving inherent precise matching without relying on external fusion algorithms.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively combines hyperspectral spectrum data and 3D spatial coordinates, allowing for precise inversion of 3D spatial parameters, such as vertical distribution of plant physiological parameters, and achieves precise matching of heterogeneous data, overcoming the limitations of traditional systems.
Implementation Method 1
a super-continuum laser system, an optical transmitting system, a reflecting mirror
Implementation Method 2
an optical receiving system... to receive continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light reflected by a ground object
Implementation Method 3
a super-continuum hyperspectral laser detection system... to handle continuous hyperspectral pulsed laser light reflected by a ground object into laser hyperspectrum and 3D spatial data
Data Source
AI summary
An airborne super-continuum 50-band hyperspectral light detection and ranging system comprises an integrated control system, a storage unit, a super-continuum laser system, an optical transmitting system, a reflecting mirror, a scanning system, an optical receiving system, a super-continuum hyperspectral laser detection system, a plane array CCD camera. The operation process includes super-continuum laser system emitting continuous hyperspectral pulsed lasers, performing lasers beam expansion and collimation, emitting it to ground objects, reflecting it, receiving it by the scanning system, transmitting to the optical receiving system, and focusing it into hyperspectral laser detection system for outputting laser hyperspectrum and 3D spatial data, storing laser data in the storage unit with high-resolution multi-spectral data. The system acquires hyperspectral spectrum data with 50 bands at aspectral range of 400-900 nm, spectral resolution of 10 nm and 3D spatial data of ground objects with a ground resolution better than 0.5 meters.