Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Animal Fat Extracellular Matrix
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for extracting extracellular matrix from animal fat often destroy growth factors essential for cellular physiological activities, and involve high-risk chemical, enzyme, and radiation treatments, reducing efficiency and biosafety.
Innovation Solution
A solvent extraction process using supercritical fluid is employed for decellularization and fat removal from animal fat, preserving growth factors and enhancing biocompatibility and biosafety without the need for acid, enzyme, or radiation treatments.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If chemical, enzyme, or radiation treatments are used to extract extracellular matrix from animal fat, then extraction efficiency is improved, but growth factors are destroyed and biosafety is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical-chemical parameters of the extraction system by using supercritical carbon dioxide (high pressure and temperature conditions) instead of conventional chemical solvents or radiation methods. This parameter change enables effective extraction of extracellular matrix while preserving growth factors and avoiding the harmful effects of chemical treatments and radiation, thus resolving the contradiction between extraction efficiency and biosafety
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces chemical and radiation-based extraction systems with a physical supercritical fluid extraction system. By using supercritical carbon dioxide, the method achieves effective extraction through physical-chemical properties of the supercritical state without employing destructive chemical reagents or radiation, thereby maintaining both high extraction efficiency and biosafety
2Speed
If conventional extraction methods are used, then extraction speed is improved, but growth factors essential for cellular physiological activities are destroyed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes the unique parameters of supercritical carbon dioxide (critical temperature 31.1°C, critical pressure 73.8 atm) to create an extraction environment that is both rapid and gentle. The supercritical state allows for fast mass transfer and high extraction speed while the relatively low operating temperature preserves heat-sensitive growth factors, resolving the contradiction between extraction speed and growth factor preservation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces supercritical carbon dioxide as an intermediary substance that facilitates the extraction process. This intermediary enables rapid extraction by enhancing solubility and mass transfer rates, while simultaneously protecting growth factors because carbon dioxide is inert and does not chemically react with or degrade biological molecules
3Reliability
If acid, enzyme, or radiation treatments are applied, then extraction effectiveness is improved, but contamination risks and chemical residue risks increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs supercritical carbon dioxide, which can be easily evaporated and removed after extraction, leaving no persistent chemical residues. The carbon dioxide returns to gaseous state upon pressure release, effectively 'disappearing' without contamination, thus achieving high extraction effectiveness while eliminating the contamination risks associated with persistent chemical reagents
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates an inert extraction environment using carbon dioxide, which does not react with the extracellular matrix or growth factors during the extraction process. This inert atmosphere prevents chemical contamination and degradation, maintaining extraction effectiveness while minimizing harmful effects and contamination risks
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method effectively extracts an extracellular matrix with high biocompatibility and preserved growth factors, enabling controlled cellular activities and rapid tissue regeneration, while maintaining mechanical properties and reducing contamination risks.
Implementation Method 1
the solvent extraction process using supercritical fluid may remove lipids remaining in the animal fat and sterilize to increase biocompatibility
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention provides: an extracellular matrix of which the biocompatibility is greatly increased through fat removal and decellularization and which contains growth factors so as to control physiological activities of cells; and a method for preparing the same. In addition, the extracellular matrix may be effectively obtained through a solvent extraction process using supercritical fluid, and a preservation solution comprising the extracellular matrix may be preserved for a long time by preventing contamination, and has increased manageability so that usability of the extracellular matrix may be greatly increased.