Supported Phase Transfer Catalyst for Thiocarboxylate Silane
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Solution Overview
Problem
Catalysts used in the production of thiocarboxylate-containing hydrolysable silanes are difficult to separate from the reaction mixture, leading to contamination and a need for improved catalytic activity.
Innovation Solution
A solid inorganic oxide-supported quaternary ammonium halide phase transfer catalyst, where the quaternary ammonium halide is covalently bonded to the inorganic oxide, allowing for easy removal and recycling while maintaining catalytic activity, is employed in the process of producing thiocarboxylate-containing hydrolysable silanes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If non-supported phase transfer catalysts are used in the preparation of thiocarboxylate silane, then catalytic activity is achieved, but the catalyst is difficult to separate from the reaction mixture and contaminates the product
Solution Approach 1:
The catalyst active component (quaternary ammonium halide) is extracted from the bulk liquid phase and immobilized onto a solid inorganic oxide support. This separation of the catalytic function from the liquid reaction medium allows the catalyst to remain in the solid phase while the product forms in the liquid phase, enabling easy separation by filtration or decantation and eliminating catalyst contamination of the product.
Solution Approach 2:
An inorganic oxide support material serves as an intermediary carrier that holds the quaternary ammonium halide catalyst. The support provides a solid matrix that allows the catalyst to function while being physically separable from the reaction mixture. The intermediary support enables the catalyst to be removed without affecting the product quality.
2Productivity
If traditional catalysts are used in the production process, then the reaction can proceed, but the catalyst requires complex separation procedures and cannot be easily recycled
Solution Approach 1:
The catalyst is extracted from the liquid reaction phase and fixed onto a solid support, allowing simple physical separation methods (filtration, decantation) to remove the catalyst from the reaction mixture. This eliminates complex separation procedures and enables straightforward catalyst recovery and recycling for subsequent production batches.
Solution Approach 2:
The physical state of the catalyst is changed from liquid/dissolved phase to solid immobilized phase. This parameter change (from soluble to insoluble form) fundamentally alters the separation requirements, enabling easy removal by simple physical means and facilitating catalyst reuse without complex processing.
3Reliability
If homogeneous catalysts are used, then catalytic activity is maintained, but the catalyst cannot be easily removed from the aqueous phase containing the mixture and product
Solution Approach 1:
The catalyst is taken out of the aqueous liquid phase and immobilized on a hydrophobic or neutral inorganic oxide support surface. The catalyst remains accessible to reactants in the aqueous phase but is physically excluded from the bulk liquid, allowing easy removal by filtration or decantation while maintaining catalytic function at the solid-liquid interface.
Solution Approach 2:
A composite catalyst system is created by combining the quaternary ammonium halide (catalytically active component) with an inorganic oxide support (structural carrier). This composite structure integrates the liquid-phase catalytic activity with solid-phase separability, achieving both high catalytic efficiency and easy removal from the aqueous reaction mixture.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables efficient production of thiocarboxylate-containing hydrolysable silanes with improved catalytic activity and easy catalyst separation, reducing contamination and enhancing process efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
the quaternary ammonium halide is covalently bonded to the inorganic oxide
Implementation Method 2
solid inorganic oxide-supported quaternary ammonium halide phase transfer catalyst
Data Source
AI summary
The invention is directed to a process for the preparation of thiocarboxylate silane comprising reacting an aqueous solution of a salt of a thiocarboxylic acid with a haloalkyl silane in the presence of a solid inorganic oxide-supported phase transfer catalyst. The invention is also directed to a process for the preparation of an aqueous solution of a salt of a thiocarboxylic acid which comprises reacting an aqueous solution of a sulfide and/or hydrosulfide with an acid halide in the presence of a said solid catalyst.