Supported Pt Di-Nitrogen Catalysts to Prevent Aggregation
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current hydrosilylation catalysts face issues with Pt aggregation, low recyclability, and instability of functional groups like epoxy under reaction conditions, leading to reduced product quality and high costs.
Innovation Solution
Development of ligand-coordinated supported platinum catalysts using bidentate N-based ligands to stabilize platinum on metal oxide supports, enhancing interaction and recyclability through strategies like ligand replacement, mixing, and anchoring ligand modification.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If heterogeneous Pt catalysts are used, then catalyst separation and recycling are simplified, but Pt aggregation occurs and catalytic activity decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses organic ligands (such as phosphines, carbenes, or N-heterocyclic carbenes) to form protective shells around Pt atoms, creating single-atom catalysts that prevent aggregation while maintaining catalytic activity. The ligands act as stabilizing layers that keep Pt atoms dispersed on the support surface throughout the reaction process.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite catalyst systems by combining Pt atoms with specific organic ligands and support materials (such as metal oxides or carbon supports). This composite structure integrates the advantages of heterogeneous catalysts (ease of separation) with the stability of well-defined active sites, preventing Pt aggregation while maintaining high catalytic activity and selectivity.
2Reliability
If homogeneous Pt complexes are used, then catalytic activity and selectivity are improved, but catalyst separation and recycling become difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses solid support materials as intermediaries to anchor homogeneous Pt complexes. The supports (such as metal oxides, activated carbon, or silica) provide a solid platform that allows the Pt complexes to be easily separated from the reaction mixture through filtration or decantation, while maintaining the high catalytic activity and selectivity characteristic of homogeneous catalysts.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs organic ligands as protective shells around Pt atoms that are anchored on solid supports. These ligand shells maintain the molecular structure and catalytic properties of homogeneous complexes while providing a solid-supported architecture that enables easy separation and recycling of the catalyst.
3Productivity
If Pt loading is increased, then catalytic activity is improved, but Pt aggregation increases and selectivity decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates catalysts with localized Pt active sites dispersed uniformly on the support surface. Each Pt atom is isolated and stabilized by ligands, ensuring that even at higher loadings, Pt atoms do not aggregate. This localized distribution maintains both high catalytic activity and high selectivity by preventing the formation of Pt clusters that would lead to undesired side reactions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses organic ligands to form protective shells around each Pt atom, preventing aggregation even when Pt loading is increased. The ligands act as spacers that maintain optimal distances between Pt atoms, allowing high Pt loading while preserving atomic dispersion and maintaining both activity and selectivity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The catalysts exhibit improved selectivity, reduced Pt aggregation, and enhanced recyclability, maintaining high activity and stability across multiple reaction cycles.
Implementation Method 1
a di-nitrogen ligand to complex with a platinum metal ion
Implementation Method 2
Hydrosilylation, the addition of a Si—H bond to a multiple bond (particularly C═C)... Industrial hydrosilylation catalysts have long been dominated by homogeneous Pt complexes
Data Source
AI summary
The invention describes metal catalysts such as Pt single-site centers on metal oxide supports, e.g., powdered supports, such as MgO, Al2O3, CeO2 or mixtures thereof with di-nitrogen containing ligands.