Surface-Capture ELISA-PCR for Low-Noise Protein Detection

The patent combines immunoassay and PCR techniques into a unified ELISA-PCR platform. Antibody-DNA conjugates integrate both immunological recognition and molecular amplification capabilities, allowing the system to achieve high sensitivity and specificity while maintaining operational simplicity through a single integrated workflow rather than separate tests.

The patent introduces DNA fragments as intermediaries that bridge the antibody-antigen interaction and PCR amplification. These DNA fragments are immobilized on the assay surface and serve as capture probes that specifically bind to DNA sequences complementary to those on antibody-DNA conjugates, enabling selective enrichment of target complexes before amplification.

The patent extracts and removes non-specific binding components through a selective capture mechanism. By using DNA fragments with specific complementary sequences immobilized on the surface, the system selectively captures only the target antigen-antibody-DNA complexes while leaving background noise and non-specific binders in the solution phase, thereby reducing interference.

The patent performs preliminary capture and enrichment of target complexes before PCR amplification. The immobilized DNA fragments pre-concentrate the target complexes on the assay surface, ensuring that subsequent PCR reactions start with a higher concentration of specific targets and fewer non-specific components, thereby enhancing sensitivity.