Surface Normal Encoding With Consistent Octahedral Tile Distances

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for encoding and decoding normals of geometric representations of surfaces suffer from unfair distance penalties between points on adjacent surfaces, particularly when using flattened geometric shapes like the octahedron, which reduces the effectiveness of entropy encoding.

Innovation Solution

The use of composite tiles and tile assemblies that maintain consistent distances between points regardless of their location on the octahedron, combined with techniques like periodic tiling, inverted tiling, and transforming points to a baseline region, ensures equal treatment of all points and enhances entropy encoding efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If flattened geometric shapes like the octahedron are used to represent normals, then the representation simplifies the encoding process, but unfair distance penalties occur between points on adjacent surfaces reducing entropy encoding effectiveness

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveencoding process complexityVSAvoidentropy encoding effectiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The octahedron surface is segmented into multiple tiles, each representing a portion of the surface. By dividing the geometry into manageable segments, the patent maintains consistent distance relationships within each tile while avoiding the unfair distance penalties that occur in fully flattened representations. This segmentation allows entropy encoding to work more effectively on each segment independently.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different encoding strategies to different regions of the octahedron surface. Each tile can be independently processed with local coordinate transformations that preserve distance relationships locally, while maintaining overall consistency across the entire surface. This local quality approach ensures that entropy encoding effectiveness is maintained in each region without compromising the global representation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Loss of information

If points are transformed to a baseline region using inversion operations, then consistent distances between points are maintained improving entropy encoding, but additional transformation steps increase computational complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveentropy encoding efficiencyVSAvoidcomputational complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs inversion operations and baseline region transformations as preliminary steps before the main entropy encoding process. By pre-processing the point data to establish consistent distance relationships and organize points into baseline regions, the subsequent entropy encoding can proceed more efficiently. This preliminary action reduces the computational burden during the actual encoding phase.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs inversion operations that transform points from their original positions into inverted coordinate systems where distance relationships are preserved. This inversion approach reverses the problematic distance penalties by creating a transformed space where entropy encoding can operate more effectively, then inverts the results back to the original coordinate system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Data Source

PatentEP3529778B1Methods and apparatus to encode and/or decode normals of geometric representations of surfaces
Publication Date: 2025.10.08 GOOGLE LLC
  • EP3529778B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3529778B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP3529778B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

Methods and apparatus to encode and/or decode normals of geometric representations of surfaces are disclosed herein. An example method includes receiving a plurality of points, each point representing a normal to the surface and being arranged within a tile; generating a plurality of regions within the tile, each region including points of the plurality of points; retrieving a first and second point, the first point representing a first normal and the second point representing a second normal, the first point being outside of a specified baseline region; performing a point transformation operation on the first point to produce a transformed first point of the baseline region and performing the point transformation on the second point to produce a transformed second point; generating a difference between the transformed first point and the transformed second point to produce a difference value; and encoding the difference value.