Surface Temperature PID Control for CPU and GPU Clock Throttling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional methods for controlling heat generation in electronic devices are inadequate as they cannot automatically respond to undefined heat situations, leading to continuous deterioration of hardware performance due to fixed control methods that do not immediately reflect changes in surface temperature.
Innovation Solution
An electronic device that measures surface temperature and monitors hardware load and events to determine a PID level, adjusting the minimum clock speeds of CPUs and GPUs based on the PID level to control heat generation, ensuring the surface temperature converges to a target temperature.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a fixed control method is used to manage heat generation, then hardware protection is achieved, but the system cannot automatically respond to undefined heat situations and requires additional software tasks
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses self-service by implementing a PID controller that automatically monitors surface temperature and adjusts CPU/GPU clock speeds without requiring additional software tasks. The controller independently determines PID levels based on temperature feedback and autonomously modifies hardware parameters to manage heat generation.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback control by continuously measuring surface temperature and using this information to dynamically adjust clock speeds. The PID controller receives temperature feedback, compares it against target temperatures, and automatically modifies hardware operation to maintain thermal safety without external intervention.
2Reliability
If a fixed control method is used to manage heat generation, then hardware protection is achieved, but the method cannot immediately reflect changes in surface temperature causing continuous deterioration of hardware performance
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies dynamics by transitioning from fixed control to dynamic control where PID levels and clock speeds continuously adapt based on real-time temperature changes. The controller dynamically adjusts CPU and GPU operating parameters according to current thermal conditions, enabling immediate response to temperature variations while maintaining hardware protection.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements parameter changes by modifying clock speed parameters based on temperature feedback. The PID controller changes operational parameters (clock speeds) according to determined PID levels, allowing the system to respond immediately to temperature changes and prevent performance deterioration while maintaining hardware safety.
3Temperature
If clock speeds are reduced to control heat generation, then temperature management is improved, but hardware performance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses parameter changes to dynamically adjust clock speeds based on determined PID levels. Rather than fixed reductions, the controller modifies operational parameters adaptively, allowing clock speeds to be reduced only when necessary for temperature control while maintaining higher performance when thermal conditions permit.
Solution Approach 2:
The system applies dynamics by enabling bidirectional adjustment of clock speeds based on real-time thermal feedback. The controller dynamically increases or decreases operating parameters according to temperature conditions, allowing hardware to operate at peak performance when cool and reducing speeds only when thermal thresholds are approached, optimizing both temperature management and performance.
Data Source
AI summary
An electronic device includes: one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to: measure a surface temperature of the electronic device; monitor a load of hardware and an occurrence of preset events; determine a proportional-integral-differential (PID) level of the electronic device based on the surface temperature; set each of a first minimum clock of a first limit clock of a central processing unit (CPU) and a second minimum clock of a second limit clock of a graphics processing unit (GPU), based on the PID level and the load; and determine, such that the surface temperature converges to a first target temperature corresponding to the PID level, the first limit clock to be greater than or equal to the first minimum clock and the second limit clock to be greater than or equal to the second minimum clock.