Surgical Instrument Motor Current Analysis for Mechanical Limit Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electromechanical surgical devices rely on multiple mechanical limit sensors and switches to prevent actuation beyond mechanical limits, which increases complexity and cost, and there is a need for a system that can detect mechanical limits without these components.

Innovation Solution

A surgical instrument with a motor and controller that measures current draw to calculate rate of change values, using a condition-of-interest counter and stability counter to determine mechanical limits, thereby terminating current supply to prevent further operation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If multiple mechanical limit sensors and switches are used to detect operational state, then mechanical limits can be prevented, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection of mechanical limitsVSAvoidnumber of sensors and switches
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the mechanical limit detection function from multiple physical sensors and switches, consolidating it into a single sensor that measures motor current. This removes unnecessary components while preserving the essential safety function of detecting mechanical limits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The motor current sensor serves multiple functions: it monitors motor operation, detects mechanical limits, and provides feedback for control adjustments. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate mechanical limit sensors and switches, reducing overall device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Reliability

If multiple mechanical limit sensors and switches are used, then mechanical limits can be detected, but cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection of mechanical limitsVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the mechanical limit detection function from multiple expensive physical components (sensors and switches) and implements it through software processing of motor current data. This extraction eliminates the need to manufacture and assemble multiple separate components, significantly reducing manufacturing cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of using physical copies of sensors throughout the device, the patent uses a single sensor reading (motor current) that indirectly represents the mechanical state. This virtual copying approach reduces component count and manufacturing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Reliability

If threshold-based mechanical limit detection is used, then mechanical limits can be detected, but premature shutdowns occur due to tissue clamping loads

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection of mechanical limitsVSAvoidaccuracy of mechanical limit detection
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from a static threshold-based detection method to a dynamic approach that analyzes the rate of change of motor current over time. This dynamic method adapts to varying load conditions, distinguishing between normal tissue clamping (gradual current increase) and mechanical limits (abrupt current change), thereby improving detection accuracy and preventing premature shutdowns.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system continuously monitors motor current and uses feedback from the rate of change analysis to adjust operation. This feedback mechanism allows the system to respond appropriately to real-time conditions, differentiating between acceptable tissue clamping loads and actual mechanical limits, thus improving measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach simplifies the detection of mechanical limits, reduces complexity and cost, and prevents premature shutdowns by analyzing the rate of change in motor current, improving the reliability and safety of the surgical instrument.

Implementation Method 1

a motor disposed within the handle assembly and operatively coupled to the drive assembly

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

a controller operatively coupled to the motor for measuring a current draw of the motor to obtain a plurality of samples of the current draw

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical resistance: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP3583904B1Apparatus and method for differentiating between tissue and mechanical obstruction in a surgical instrument
Publication Date: 2024.01.03 COVIDIEN LP
  • EP3583904B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3583904B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3583904B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method for controlling a surgical instrument comprising; measuring a current draw of a motor coupled to a drive assembly for actuating an end effector of the surgical instrument to obtain a plurality of samples of the current draw, calculating a plurality of rate of change values based on the plurality of samples of the current draw, determining whether operation of the motor reached a mechanical limit based on a portion of the plurality of rate of change values being within a first range of rate of change values and determining whether operation of the motor is stable based on a portion of the plurality of rate of change values being within a second range of rate of change values.