Surgical Robot Optical Scanning for Registration
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Existing surgical robot systems face challenges in the registration process, which is slow and prone to injury due to manual guidance of a probe, lacking efficiency and accuracy in collecting three-dimensional data for precise surgical navigation.
Innovation Solution
A surgical robot system incorporating a workstation, robotic arm, scanning module, and guiding module, where the scanning module uses image acquiring apparatuses, light emitting components, and projecting components to collect and project specific coded images for accurate three-dimensional data acquisition, enabling improved registration and guiding of surgical instruments with enhanced precision and safety.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a probe is used for manual registration, then the system can perform registration, but the process is slow and time-consuming
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical probe-based registration system with an optical scanning system. The scanning module uses cameras and light sources to capture images and construct 3D models of the patient's anatomy, eliminating the need for manual probe manipulation. This substitution of mechanical measurement with optical field-based measurement dramatically reduces registration time while maintaining or improving accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the measurement parameters from point-by-point mechanical coordinates to comprehensive optical field data. By capturing multiple images from different angles and using structure from motion algorithms, the system transforms 2D image data into 3D spatial information, fundamentally changing how registration data is acquired and processed.
2Measurement precision
If a probe is used for registration, then the system can perform registration, but there is a potential danger of injury caused by accidental contact
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces contact-based mechanical probing with non-contact optical scanning. The scanning module uses cameras and structured light to capture anatomical surfaces without physical contact, completely eliminating the risk of injury from accidental probe contact while still achieving precise 3D reconstruction and registration.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces light as an intermediary between the measurement system and the patient's body. Instead of direct mechanical contact, the system uses projected light patterns and captured images as intermediaries to obtain surface geometry, creating a safe non-contact measurement process that eliminates injury risk.
3Measurement precision
If laser single point data collection is used, then the system can collect registration data, but only thousands of points within a limited range are collected
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from 1D point-by-point laser scanning to 2D/3D area-based optical scanning. By projecting structured light patterns and capturing images across multiple dimensions, the system simultaneously collects data from thousands of points across large surface areas, dramatically increasing data collection efficiency while maintaining precision through multi-angle imaging and 3D reconstruction algorithms.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges multiple measurement points into comprehensive 3D surface models by combining data from multiple images taken at different angles. The scanning module captures overlapping images that are then integrated through photogrammetry and 3D reconstruction algorithms, merging fragmented 2D observations into a complete 3D representation that covers much larger areas than point-by-point scanning.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system significantly enhances the speed and accuracy of three-dimensional data collection and registration, reducing the risk of injury and improving the efficiency of surgical procedures by allowing non-contact data collection and precise navigation of surgical instruments.
Implementation Method 1
the image acquiring apparatus may be a camera, for example, a monocular camera, a binocular camera or the like, and the robotic arm drives the image acquiring apparatus to acquire images at different locations
Implementation Method 2
the light emitting component may emit light, such as infrared rays, to the target space, the image acquiring apparatus collects images
Implementation Method 3
the projecting component may emit a specific coded image to the target space and the image acquiring apparatus collects the image, thereby acquiring an accurate 3D structure of the target space
Data Source
AI summary
A surgical robot system is provided. The surgical robot system includes a workstation, a robotic arm, a scanning module and a guiding module. The workstation includes a housing, a computation and control center, a display apparatus and an input device. The robotic arm includes multiple arm segments connected by joints. The scanning module collects information for a target space. The guiding module guides a surgical instrument to move in a trajectory. The guiding module is connectable to the robotic arm. The guiding module includes a through hole and assists the surgical instruments to move along an axial direction of the through hole. Information collected by the scanning module is processed by the workstation to acquire three-dimensional information of the target space.