Surgical Tool Coupler With Visible Tracker for Sterile Pose Tracking

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Solution Overview

Problem

Robotic surgical systems face errors in tracking the pose of surgical tools relative to the surgical site due to trackers being outside the field-of-view of the localizer, which can occur when optical localization methods are employed.

Innovation Solution

A coupler is introduced that connects the tool to the robotic manipulator, featuring a tracker to be detected by the localizer and a drape to create a sterile field barrier, ensuring accurate tracking while maintaining sterility.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If optical localization methods are employed with trackers placed on the manipulator, then the pose of the tool can be tracked, but errors occur when trackers are blocked from view of the localizer

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetracking precisionVSAvoidtracking reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A sterile adapter is introduced as an intermediary component between the non-sterile manipulator and the sterile tool. The adapter includes a tracker that serves as a mediator for optical tracking, allowing the localizer to accurately determine the pose of the tool without being blocked by the drape. This intermediary tracker on the adapter provides a reliable tracking reference point that is visible to the localizer while maintaining the sterile barrier.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Object-affected harmful factors

If a drape is placed over the manipulator to create a sterile field, then sterility is maintained, but trackers on the manipulator are blocked from view

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesterility maintenanceVSAvoidtracking accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The sterile adapter acts as an intermediary that bridges the sterile and non-sterile environments. By placing the tracker on the adapter rather than directly on the manipulator, the system maintains the sterile barrier with the drape while ensuring the tracker remains visible to the localizer. The adapter's tracker provides accurate pose information without compromising sterility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The solution moves the tracker from the manipulator (blocked dimension) to the adapter (visible dimension). By relocating the tracking element to a position on the sterile adapter that is not obscured by the drape, the system achieves tracking accuracy while maintaining the sterile field configuration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Measurement precision

If a coupler is introduced to connect the tool to the manipulator with a tracker, then tracking accuracy is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepose tracking accuracyVSAvoidcoupling system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The sterile adapter serves multiple functions: it creates a sterile barrier between the manipulator and tool, provides a mounting interface for the tracker, and facilitates the connection between components. By combining these functions into a single universal component, the system achieves accurate tracking without proportionally increasing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The coupler maintains accurate tracking of the tool's pose by using a tracker visible to the localizer, reducing errors and ensuring a sterile environment during surgical procedures.

Implementation Method 1

optical localization methods are employed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical detection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3949889B1Robotic surgical system including a coupler for connecting a tool to a manipulator and methods of using the coupler
Publication Date: 2025.12.03 MAKO SURGICAL CORP
  • EP3949889B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3949889B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3949889B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A robotic surgical system includes a tool and a robotic manipulator including a plurality of links and a plurality of joints. The manipulator supports the tool for movement relative to a surgical site. A coupler interconnects the tool and the manipulator. The coupler includes a first coupling interface connectable to a distal link of the manipulator and a second coupling interface connectable to the tool. The coupler also includes a tracker to be detected by the localizer to determine a pose of the tool. The coupler is configured to cooperate with a drape to create a sterile field barrier between the tool and the robotic manipulator.