Three-Phase Switchgear Monitoring for Early Overheating Diagnosis

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing monitoring systems for switchgear fail to provide early warnings of developing faults and do not identify the cause of overheating issues, relying on temperature thresholds that do not account for temporal changes in temperature and current data.

Innovation Solution

A system comprising temperature and current sensors, a processing unit, and an output unit that analyzes temporal changes in temperature and current data to determine the state of switchgear by correlating temperature gradients with current data, using machine learning algorithms to identify abnormal operation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If temperature threshold monitoring is used to detect hot spots in switchgear, then overheating issues can be identified, but early warnings of developing faults are not provided and details on the cause of the problem are not available

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefault detection capabilityVSAvoidcause identification information
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from single-dimension temperature threshold monitoring to multi-dimensional analysis by incorporating temporal dimension (rate of change over time) and correlating with electrical current data. This dimensional expansion enables early fault detection and cause identification simultaneously

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements feedback by continuously monitoring temperature and its rate of change, correlating with current data to provide diagnostic information about fault causes. The feedback loop enables proactive maintenance decisions based on developing fault patterns

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Area of stationary object

If multiple temperature sensors are deployed to monitor different phases and locations, then comprehensive temperature coverage is achieved, but the system cannot distinguish between normal operational heating and abnormal hot spots

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature monitoring coverageVSAvoidfault detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by monitoring the rate of change of temperature over time rather than static temperature values alone. This dynamic approach enables differentiation between normal operational heating (steady or slowly changing) and abnormal hot spots (rapid temperature increase), improving fault detection accuracy across all monitored locations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Device complexity

If temperature monitoring alone is used to assess switchgear state, then simple monitoring is maintained, but the system cannot provide early warnings or identify fault causes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemonitoring system simplicityVSAvoidfault prediction capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges temperature monitoring with electrical current monitoring and correlates these datasets to enable early fault detection and cause identification. This combination maintains relative system simplicity while significantly improving reliability and diagnostic capability through integrated analysis

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Provides early detection of developing faults by analyzing temporal data patterns, enabling proactive maintenance and identifying the cause of overheating, thus preventing catastrophic failures.

Implementation Method 1

One solution is to monitor parts of the switchgear, such as the phases, with an infrared thermographic camera to detect the hot spots

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation: Thermal Radiation

Implementation Method 2

Electrical equipment such as switchgear can suffer from small faults that change the electrical resistance of the system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical resistance: Electrical Resistance

Implementation Method 3

The processing unit is configured to determine n-1 first rates of change of temperature for one or more locations of the at least one location of the first phase with respect to the n first temperature data

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature gradient: Temperature Gradient

Implementation Method 4

These faults manifest as hot spots and can ultimately lead to catastrophic failures

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP4414673B1System, method, and computer program element for monitoring a switchgear
Publication Date: 2025.12.31 ABB (SCHWEIZ) AG
  • EP4414673B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP4414673B1 patent drawingFigure 4
  • EP4414673B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

The present invention relates to a system (10) for monitoring a three phase switchgear, the system comprising: at least one temperature sensor (20); a processing unit (30); and an output unit (40). One or more of the at least one temperature sensor is configured to acquire first temperature data for each location of at least one location of a first phase (50) of a switchgear (80) at n time points. One or more of the at least one temperature sensor is configured to acquire second temperature data for each location of at least one location of a second phase (60) of the switchgear at the n time points. One or more of the at least one temperature sensor is configured to acquire third temperature data for each location of at least one location of a third phase (70) of the switchgear at the n time points. The at least one temperature sensor is configured to provide the first temperature data, the second temperature data, and the third temperature data to the processing unit. The processing unit is configured to determine n-1 first rates of change of temperature for one or more locations of the at least one location of the first phase with respect to the n first temperature data for the one or more locations of the first phase at the n time points. The processing unit is configured to determine n-1 second rates of change of temperature for one or more locations of the at least one location of the second phase with respect to the n second temperature data for the one or more locations of the second phase at the n time points. The processing unit is configured to determine n-1 third rates of change of temperature for one or more locations of the at least one location of the third phase with respect to the n third temperature data for the one or more locations of the third phase at the n time points. The processing unit is configured to determine a state of the switchgear, wherein the determination of the state of the switchgear comprises utilization of the n-1 first rates of change of temperature for the one or more locations of the first phase and at least n-1 of the n first temperature data for the one or more locations of the first phase and the n-1 second rates of change of temperature for the one or more locations of the second phase and at least n-1 of the n second temperature data for the one or more locations of the second phase and the n-1 third rates of change of temperature for the one or more locations of the third phase and at least n-1 of the n third temperature data for the one or more locations of the third phase. The output unit is configured to output the determined state of the switchgear when the determined state of the switchgear is determined not to be normal or not to be healthy.