Electrical Switching Device Arc Extinction via Offset Permanent Magnets

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electrical switching devices face challenges in achieving a compact design while effectively extinguishing switching arcs, as they often require conventional quenching elements or complex arc paths that are not always reliable.

Innovation Solution

The arrangement of permanent magnets in a perpendicular direction, forming a wavy or zigzag pattern, elongates the switching arc, allowing for reliable extinction within a compact design, with additional features like ceramic protective sleeves and easily removable assemblies for maintenance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional quenching elements or complex arc paths are used, then arc extinction reliability is improved, but device size increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvearc extinction reliabilityVSAvoiddevice size
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSVolume of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dimensionality change by arranging permanent magnets not only along the first direction (parallel to arc movement) but also offset in the second direction (perpendicular to arc movement). This creates a three-dimensional magnetic field distribution that distorts the arc path into wave-like or zigzag patterns, effectively elongating the arc within a compact device volume while maintaining reliable extinction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses composite material structures by combining permanent magnets with protective ceramic sleeves. The ceramic material provides electrical insulation and mechanical protection while the permanent magnets generate the magnetic field, creating a composite quenching element that achieves both arc distortion and reliable extinction in a compact design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Device complexity

If permanent magnets are arranged only along the first direction, then device structure is simple, but arc distortion and elongation are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemagnet arrangement complexityVSAvoidarc extinction reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a second arrangement direction (second direction perpendicular to the first direction) for the permanent magnets. This offset arrangement in the second direction creates additional magnetic field components that distort the arc path more effectively, producing wave-like or zigzag patterns that enhance arc elongation and improve extinction reliability without excessive structural complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Power

If permanent magnets are exposed to arc directly, then magnetic field generation is effective, but magnet protection and service life are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemagnetic field generation effectivenessVSAvoidmagnet service life
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces protective ceramic sleeves as intermediary structures between the permanent magnets and the switching arc. These ceramic sleeves provide electrical insulation and mechanical protection to the magnets while allowing the magnetic field to penetrate through to generate the required magnetic blowing field and support arc distortion, thereby extending magnet service life without compromising field generation effectiveness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration ensures reliable arc extinction with a compact device design, preventing re-ignition and extending the device's service life through effective arc elongation and protection.

Implementation Method 1

The magnetic arc blowing field blows a switching arc generated when the contact point opens away from the contact point to the quenching elements. The magnetic arc blowing field is generated or supported at least partially by the permanent magnets of the quenching elements.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic field: Magnetic Field

Implementation Method 2

The magnetic arc blowing field blows a switching arc generated when the contact point opens away from the contact point to the quenching elements.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLorentz force: Lorentz Force

Implementation Method 3

On its path from the contact point to the permanent magnets of the quenching elements, the switching arc is elongated. The offset provided according to the invention between the permanent magnets of the quenching elements causes an additional elongation of the switching arc by distorting it, for example, in a wave-like or zigzag pattern.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectArc elongation: Electric Arc

Data Source

PatentEP3701556B1Electrical switching device having improved arc extinguishing device
Publication Date: 2023.01.04 SCHALTBAU GMBH
  • EP3701556B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3701556B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3701556B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates to an electrical switching apparatus having at least one contact point, an arc-quenching device associated with the contact point, and an arc-blowing device to generate a magnetic blowout field. The arc-quenching device comprises a plurality of quenching elements, which are arranged distributed and spaced from each other in a first direction, wherein the quenching elements each comprise a permanent magnet. The arc arising when the contact point is opened is blown away from the contact point towards the quenching elements by the magnetic blowout field. The magnetic blowout field is at least partially generated or supported by the permanent magnets of the quenching elements. According to the invention, the permanent magnets of the quenching elements are offset with respect to each other in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction.