Tail-Cone Generator Cooling via Bypass Air Fairing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing cooling systems for tail-cone mounted generators in engines are heavy, complex, and increase aerodynamic drag, as they require additional components to manage high temperatures effectively.

Innovation Solution

A system and method utilizing a fairing routed through a lobe mixer to direct bypass air into the tail-cone cavity, creating a cooling circuit that reduces heat transfer and aerodynamic drag by using the aircraft's motion to maintain a pressure differential and shield the generator from hot exhaust flows, thereby cooling the generator efficiently without adding weight or complexity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If additional cooling components are installed in the engine system, then the generator temperature is controlled effectively, but the weight and complexity of the engine increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegenerator temperatureVSAvoidcooling system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The bypass air duct serves multiple functions: it directs cooling air to the generator cavity and simultaneously acts as a structural component of the engine assembly. The fairing also serves dual purposes by both directing airflow and providing aerodynamic shielding, eliminating the need for separate dedicated cooling components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The cooling system utilizes the aircraft's own motion and existing bypass air flow to cool the generator. The pressure differential created by aircraft movement automatically drives the cooling airflow through the duct and fairing, eliminating the need for external power sources or complex control systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Temperature

If additional cooling components are installed in the engine system, then the generator temperature is controlled effectively, but the weight of the engine increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegenerator temperatureVSAvoidengine weight
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The bypass air duct and fairing perform multiple functions simultaneously - structural support, aerodynamic fairing, and cooling air direction. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate dedicated cooling components, thereby reducing overall weight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The cooling function is merged with the existing bypass air duct system and fairing structure. By combining the cooling airflow path with the existing aerodynamic fairing, the design avoids adding separate weight-bearing cooling components while achieving effective generator cooling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Temperature

If additional cooling components are installed in the engine system, then the generator temperature is controlled effectively, but the aerodynamic drag increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegenerator temperatureVSAvoidaerodynamic drag
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The fairing acts as an aerodynamic shell that smoothly directs airflow around the generator cavity. This streamlined shell design minimizes turbulence and drag while effectively channeling cooling air to the generator, combining aerodynamic efficiency with thermal management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of adding protruding cooling components that would increase drag, the design uses the existing fairing structure to redirect airflow. The cooling function is achieved by inverting the approach - using the aerodynamic shell to guide cooling air rather than adding dedicated cooling protrusions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively cools the generator, reduces aerodynamic drag, and minimizes weight and complexity by using the aircraft's motion to circulate cooling air, maintaining a cooler environment and enhancing the generator's performance and power handling capabilities.

Implementation Method 1

using the aircraft's motion to maintain a pressure differential

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure differential: Pressure Gradient

Implementation Method 2

circulate cooling air

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 3

reduces heat transfer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 4

cooling the generator efficiently

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection cooling: Convection

Implementation Method 5

shield the generator from hot exhaust flows

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal shielding: Thermal Insulation

Data Source

PatentEP2708701B1Engine comprising an air cooling design for tail-cone generator installation
Publication Date: 2018.04.18 PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA CORP
  • EP2708701B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2708701B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2708701B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A system for cooling a generator (60) mounted in the tail-cone (58) of an engine comprises a fairing (66), which receives through an inlet (68) thereof air from a bypass duct (38) and directs the bypass air (40) towards a cavity (62) of the tail-cone (58) for cooling the generator. The bypass air (40) is then expelled through an outlet (76) of a support strut (56) positioned in fluid communication with the tail-cone cavity (62). The fairing inlet (68) and the strut outlet (76) are both positioned in a plane substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal plane of the engine. In this manner, circulation of the bypass air through the fairing (66), the tail-cone cavity (62), and the strut (56) may be achieved. The bypass air directed through the fairing (66) further enables cooling of service lines (64) accommodated in the fairing (66). A lobe mixer (52) is further used to direct the fairing (66) and shield the latter from core exhaust.