Tail-Sitting VTOL Propulsion Layout for Lower Mass Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing VTOL aircraft face issues with mass, autonomy, control complexity, and production suitability due to counter-rotating propellers and hybrid or electric propulsion systems, leading to safety concerns and inefficiencies.
Innovation Solution
A tail-sitting VTOL aircraft design with coaxial counter-rotating propellers driven by distinct electric engines, simplified mechanical connections, and integrated battery system for reduced mass and improved control, featuring direct drive propellers and a programmable control unit for safe operation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If counter-rotating propellers are used for VTOL propulsion, then vertical take-off and landing capability is achieved, but the total unladen mass of the aircraft increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The propulsion system is divided into two independent electric engines, each driving one propeller. This segmentation allows independent control of each propeller, enabling precise modulation of thrust during vertical flight phases while reducing the need for complex mechanical linkages that would add mass.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex mechanical power transmission systems with direct electric drive. Each propeller is driven by its own electric engine with direct mechanical connection, eliminating the need for complex gear systems, belts, or shafts that would increase the unladen mass of the aircraft.
2Duration of action of moving object
If hybrid or electric propulsion systems are adopted, then autonomy is improved, but the mass of the aircraft increases due to battery packs and drive systems
Solution Approach 1:
The battery system is divided into multiple modular battery packs distributed throughout the aircraft structure. This segmentation allows for optimized energy distribution and reduces the need for excessive battery capacity, thereby reducing overall mass while maintaining required autonomy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs advanced battery technology with higher energy density to reduce the mass of the battery system. By changing the parameters of the energy storage system (using more efficient batteries), the patent achieves improved autonomy without proportionally increasing aircraft mass.
3Adaptability or versatility
If tail-sitting configuration is used for VTOL, then vertical landing is achieved, but pilot visibility of the ground deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The aircraft features an asymmetric cockpit design with a large transparent canopy that extends forward and downward, providing the pilot with enhanced downward and forward visibility during vertical landing operations. This asymmetric transparent structure allows the pilot to see the ground clearly despite the tail-sitting configuration.
4Measurement precision
If complex propulsion control systems are used for VTOL, then flight control precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates sensors and control systems that continuously monitor flight parameters and provide feedback to the flight control computer. This feedback mechanism enables precise control of the two electric engines and propellers during vertical take-off, landing, and transition phases without requiring overly complex mechanical control linkages.
Solution Approach 2:
Complex mechanical control systems are replaced with electronic control. The two electric engines are controlled independently through electronic flight control systems, which provide precise control with simpler mechanical structures compared to traditional hydraulic or mechanical flight control systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design achieves improved autonomy, reduced mass, simplified assembly, and enhanced safety with easy control and cost-effective production, addressing the limitations of existing VTOL aircraft.
Implementation Method 1
a propulsion system placed in the front section with respect to the cockpit, in particular comprising at least one pair of coaxial counter-rotating propellers put into rotation by at least two respective pairs of distinct electric engines powered by rechargeable batteries
Data Source
AI summary
A vertical take-off and landing aircraft of the tail-sitting type comprises a cockpit integrated into a body having delta wings in the rear section with respect to the cockpit and a propulsion system placed in the front section with respect to the cockpit. The propulsion system includes at least two coaxial counter-rotating propellers put into rotation by at least two electric engines powered by rechargeable batteries.