Tap-Domain Secret Key Generation for Non-Reciprocal Wireless Channels

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing wireless communication systems lack efficient methods for securing transmissions between devices using tap-domain secret-key generation, particularly in scenarios where channel reciprocity is not guaranteed.

Innovation Solution

Wireless devices perform channel estimation on received reference signals to determine taps, derive a secret key based on power delay profiles or channel impulse responses, and encrypt messages using this key, with optional key refinement procedures based on signal-to-noise ratio thresholds.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional encryption methods are used in wireless communication systems, then security can be provided, but the systems lack efficient methods for securing transmissions in non-reciprocal channel scenarios

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesecurity of wireless transmissionsVSAvoidapplicability in non-reciprocal channel scenarios
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the parameter basis for key generation from assuming channel reciprocity to using power delay profile characteristics. By extracting taps from the PDP and using their magnitudes and time delays as key material, the system adapts to non-reciprocal channels where traditional reciprocity-based methods fail, thus improving versatility while maintaining security reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces the power delay profile as an intermediary representation of the channel characteristics. Instead of directly using channel impulse response or assuming reciprocity, the PDP serves as a mediator that captures essential channel features (tap magnitudes and delays) that can be used for key generation in both reciprocal and non-reciprocal scenarios

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If channel estimation is performed to generate secret keys, then security is enhanced, but the device complexity increases due to additional processing requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesecurity through secret-key generationVSAvoidprocessing complexity for channel estimation and key derivation
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the essential features from channel estimation - specifically the power delay profile taps and their time delays - rather than processing the entire channel impulse response. This extraction approach generates sufficient key material while reducing computational complexity compared to using full channel state information

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the channel characteristics into discrete taps in the power delay profile domain. By working with individual taps (their magnitudes and delays) rather than the continuous channel response, the system simplifies key generation processing while maintaining security, as each tap provides independent key material

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP4442020B1Tap-domain secret-key generation
Publication Date: 2025.11.26 QUALCOMM INC
  • EP4442020B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4442020B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4442020B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device may receive reference signals from another wireless device over a channel between the devices. The wireless device may perform channel estimation based on the reference signals to determine multiple taps. The wireless device may receive a message from the other wireless device indicating one or more taps to be selected to obtain a secret key for encrypting a message. The wireless device may select the taps based on the indication and communicate one or more encrypted messages with the other wireless device. For example, the wireless device may receive encrypted messages, transmit encrypted messages, or both.