Tapered Superconductor Windings for Electric Machine Power Density

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electrical machines with superconducting windings face limitations in maximizing power density due to material constraints, leading to larger and heavier designs despite low energy losses.

Innovation Solution

The use of tapered superconductors in winding overhang areas with a smaller width than longitudinal regions allows for increased current density, reduced material usage, and enhanced bending capabilities, enabling a more compact and lightweight design by optimizing the winding head width and cross-sectional area.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If superconducting windings are used in electrical machines, then energy losses are reduced, but the machine size and weight cannot be further reduced due to material constraints

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy lossesVSAvoidmachine weight
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by varying the superconductor width along its length: the superconductor has a reduced width in winding head regions compared to longitudinal winding regions. This allows optimization of material usage where full current carrying capacity is not needed, reducing overall weight while maintaining energy efficiency in critical areas.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the geometric parameter of the superconductor (width) along its length to optimize performance. By reducing the width in winding head regions where electromagnetic fields are weaker, the patent reduces material usage and weight while maintaining sufficient current carrying capacity for the application.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Loss of energy

If superconducting windings are used in electrical machines, then energy losses are reduced, but the machine volume cannot be further reduced due to material constraints

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy lossesVSAvoidmachine volume
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent reduces superconductor volume by implementing local quality variations: the superconductor width is reduced in winding head regions compared to longitudinal regions. This optimized geometry reduces the total volume of superconducting material required while maintaining the energy efficiency benefits of superconducting windings.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Ease of manufacture

If uniform superconductor width is used throughout the winding, then manufacturing is simplified, but power density cannot be maximized

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewinding manufacturingVSAvoidpower density
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements local quality by varying superconductor width along its length, with narrower sections in winding head regions and wider sections in longitudinal regions. This allows maximization of power density in critical areas while using less material overall, achieving optimal power density without requiring completely complex manufacturing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces the volume and weight of the electrical machine while maintaining superconductivity, thereby increasing power density and allowing for more efficient operation without compromising the superconducting properties under expected current loads.

Implementation Method 1

the windings of the coils of the stator and/or the rotor are made of a superconducting material and can be cooled by a corresponding cooling device down to a material-dependent transition temperature of the superconducting material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSuperconductivity: Superconductivity

Data Source

PatentEP3972090A1Electric machine
Publication Date: 2022.03.23 OSWALD ELEKTROMOTOREN
  • EP3972090A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3972090A1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3972090A1 patent drawing

AI summary

The invention relates to an electric machine with a stator and a rotor. The stator and/or the rotor has a coil arrangement (12). The coil arrangement (12) has several coils (2) arranged along a circumference of the coil arrangement (12). Each coil (2) has a winding (4) made of a ribbon-shaped superconductor (1). The winding head width (8) of the superconductor (1) is smaller in winding head regions (7) of the winding (4) than the winding longitudinal width (8) of the superconductor (1) in winding longitudinal regions (9) of the winding (4). The winding head width (8) in the winding head regions (7) is predetermined depending on a critical load current of the superconductor (1) expected during operation of the electric machine in the winding head region (9).