TDMCA IoT Communication in Unlicensed Spectrum

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current IoT technologies operating in unlicensed spectrum face challenges in interworking with existing networks, requiring separate deployments and not allowing operators to leverage investments in LTE deployments, leading to higher deployment costs and power consumption.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a time domain multiple carrier aggregation (TDMCA) technique that enables IoT devices to communicate using unlicensed narrowband (U-NB) IoT communications, allowing operation in unlicensed spectrum without an anchor in licensed spectrum, using a radio frequency interface configured for TDMCA with component carriers that can be anchored to LTE licensed bands or entirely unlicensed, facilitating efficient deployment and reduced power consumption.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If proprietary unlicensed spectrum technologies are deployed separately from LTE networks, then IoT communication in unlicensed spectrum is enabled, but deployment cost increases and operators cannot leverage existing LTE investments

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveIoT communication capability in unlicensed spectrumVSAvoiddeployment cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines licensed LTE infrastructure with unlicensed spectrum operation by implementing a dual-mode base station that can simultaneously support both licensed and unlicensed spectrum IoT devices. The base station integrates LTE eNodeB functionality with unlicensed spectrum access point capabilities, allowing operators to leverage existing LTE deployments while adding unlicensed spectrum functionality through software configuration rather than separate hardware deployments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The base station is designed with multi-functional capability to serve both licensed and unlicensed spectrum operations. It can dynamically allocate resources and manage connections for devices operating on different spectrum types, providing a universal platform that handles diverse IoT communication requirements without requiring separate specialized infrastructure for each spectrum type.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Adaptability or versatility

If separate unlicensed spectrum IoT deployments are implemented, then IoT devices can operate in unlicensed spectrum, but power consumption increases due to inability to leverage LTE infrastructure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveunlicensed spectrum operation capabilityVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The base station acts as an intermediary that bridges licensed and unlicensed spectrum operations. By maintaining synchronized timing and coordination between licensed LTE frames and unlicensed spectrum transmissions, the system allows IoT devices to efficiently switch between spectrum types based on channel conditions and traffic requirements, reducing overall power consumption compared to dedicated unlicensed spectrum operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP3603150B1Apparatuses for internet of things, IOT, communication over unlicensed spectrum
Publication Date: 2022.11.30 APPLE INC
  • EP3603150B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3603150B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3603150B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Machines (110, 112, 114, 116, 118) or networked devices (102, 104, 106,108) such as internet of things, loT, devices operate to generate an unlicensed narrowband, U-NB, loT communication based on time domain multiple carrier aggregation operations with component carriers. These component carriers can comprise a component carrier that is anchored to a long term evolution, LTE, licensed band, or entirely comprise unlicensed carrier components that are unanchored to the LTE component carrier in a standalone configuration. Communication circuitry such as a radio frequency interface can transmit the U-NB loT communication in standalone communications over a low power loT network in an unlicensed band.