TDOA Reference Signal Hearability in LTE Positioning

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in neighbor cell hearability, particularly when user equipment is located near the center of the serving cell site, leading to weak detection of reference signals from neighbor cell sites, which hinders accurate triangulation and location determination.

Innovation Solution

The introduction of a new reference signal, TDOA-RS, and an additional synchronization signal, TDOA-sync, with non-unity frequency reuse, allowing for improved hearability at low sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratios, and transmission in any resource blocks, including POSCH and MBSFN subframes, to enhance orthogonality between serving and neighbor cell sites.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Illumination intensity

If user equipment is located near the center of the serving cell site, then the serving cell signal strength is strong, but the neighbor cell reference signals become too weak for proper detection

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveserving cell signal strengthVSAvoidneighbor cell signal detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the parameter of reference signal configuration by introducing TDOA-RS with non-unity frequency reuse patterns. This allows neighbor cell reference signals to be transmitted on different resource blocks with reduced interference, improving detectability when user equipment is near the serving cell center where neighbor signals are typically too weak.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces TDOA-RS as an intermediary reference signal that mediates between serving and neighbor cell transmissions. This new reference signal type facilitates time difference of arrival measurements by providing a standardized signal structure that can be detected even in high-interference environments near cell centers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Loss of energy

If reference signals from neighbor cell sites are transmitted with standard power, then network power consumption is optimized, but the signals are too weak for detection when user equipment is near the serving cell center

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork power consumptionVSAvoidneighbor cell signal detectability
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by implementing frequency-selective reference signal transmission where TDOA-RS are transmitted on specific resource blocks with non-unity frequency reuse. This allows neighbor cell signals to be enhanced locally in frequency domains where interference from the serving cell is minimal, improving detectability without requiring uniform power increases across all frequencies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces dynamic frequency reuse patterns for TDOA-RS transmission. The frequency allocation for neighbor cell reference signals is not static but varies according to the non-unity frequency reuse configuration, allowing the system to adaptively optimize signal detectability in different frequency regions based on interference conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Measurement precision

If additional reference signals are introduced to improve neighbor cell hearability, then positioning accuracy improves, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepositioning accuracyVSAvoidsignal processing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements partial action by introducing TDOA-RS only in specific subframes and resource blocks rather than continuously across all resources. This selective deployment provides the necessary positioning information for improved accuracy while limiting the increase in processing complexity to only those specific time-frequency resources where TDOA-RS are present.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Data Source

PatentEP3668206B1Methods and apparatus for user equipment location determination on a wireless transmission system
Publication Date: 2022.01.19 APPLE INC
  • EP3668206B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP3668206B1 patent drawingFigure 4~6
  • EP3668206B1 patent drawingFigure 7

AI summary

Neighbor cell hearability can be improved by including an additional reference signal that can be detected at a low sensitivity and a low signal-to-noise ratio, by introducing non-unity frequency reuse for the signals used for a time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement, e.g., orthogonality of signals transmitted from the serving cell sites and the various neighbor cell sites. The new reference signal, called the TDOA-RS, is proposed to improve the hearability of neighbor cells in a cellular network that deploys 3GPP EUTRAN (LTE) system, and the TDOA-RS can be transmitted in any resource blocks (RB) for POSCH and/or MBSFN subframe, regardless of whether the latter is on a carrier supporting both PMCH and POSCH or not. Besides the additional TDOA-RS reference signal, an additional synchronization signal (TDOA-sync) may also be included to improve the hearability of neighbor cells.