Temperature Calibration for 3D Printing Material Variability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Additive manufacturing systems face challenges in accurately controlling temperature points, such as melting and crystallization points, which affects the precision and reliability of generating three-dimensional objects, due to variability in build materials and temperature monitoring sensors.

Innovation Solution

A method and apparatus for calibrating temperature points, specifically melting and crystallization points, by performing a calibration test using a build material sample, where a coalescing agent is deposited and energy is applied to monitor and set the precise temperature points, enabling accurate temperature control during the build process.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If temperature calibration is performed using standard fixed points, then the calibration process is simplified, but accuracy deteriorates due to material variability and sensor inconsistencies

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecalibration process simplicityVSAvoidtemperature point accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the approach from using fixed standard temperature points to dynamically determining temperature points based on actual material behavior. The system monitors temperature during a test build process and identifies melting and crystallization points by detecting characteristic temperature plateaus that occur during phase changes of the specific build material being used. This adapts the calibration parameters to match the actual material properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs self-calibration by using the build material itself as the calibration reference. During a test operation, the material's own phase change behavior (melting and crystallization) provides the reference temperature points. The system automatically detects these points through temperature monitoring and uses them to calibrate the temperature control system, eliminating the need for external standard references.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Ease of operation

If standard temperature control methods are used, then the process is straightforward, but reliability deteriorates due to variability in build materials and sensors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess straightforwardnessVSAvoidtemperature control consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements feedback by continuously monitoring temperature during the build process and comparing it against the calibrated material-specific temperature points. The temperature controller uses this feedback to adjust heating and cooling rates, ensuring that phase changes occur at the correct temperatures. This closed-loop control compensates for sensor drift and material variability, improving reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary calibration by conducting a test build operation before actual production. During this test, the system identifies the specific melting and crystallization points for the batch of build material being used. This preliminary action establishes material-specific reference points that are then used to control subsequent production builds, ensuring consistent temperature control across variations in material properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Device complexity

If material variability is not compensated for, then the manufacturing process remains simple, but manufacturing precision deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess complexityVSAvoidobject geometry accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system adapts temperature control parameters based on the specific build material batch being used. By performing calibration with each material batch, the system determines the actual melting and crystallization temperatures for that specific material, which may vary from standard values. This allows precise control of phase change temperatures, ensuring accurate object geometry even when material properties vary between batches.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for more precise control of the build material's characteristics, leading to improved accuracy and reliability in generating three-dimensional objects by compensating for material variability and sensor inconsistencies, resulting in a more stable and controlled printing process.

Implementation Method 1

selectively delivering an agent (for example a coalescing agent and a coalescence modifier agent) to one or more portions of a surface of the layer of build material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCoalescence:

Implementation Method 2

portions of the build material on which coalescing agent has been delivered or has penetrated to heat up above the melting point of the build material and to coalesce

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Implementation Method 3

Upon cooling, the portions which have coalesced become solid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrystallization: Crystallisation

Data Source

PatentEP3200973B1Controlling temperature in an apparatus for generating a three-dimensional object
Publication Date: 2022.02.09 HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LP
  • EP3200973B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3200973B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3200973B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3c

AI summary

A method of controlling temperature in an apparatus (1100) for generating a three-dimensional object comprises performing a calibration test on a sample of build material that is to be used in generating a three-dimensional object (101), calibrating at least one temperature point from the calibration test (103), and using the at least one calibrated temperature point during subsequent temperature control of the apparatus (103).