Terahertz Level Sensor Using Dynamic Repetition Frequency Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current level measurement technologies using microwave frequencies face challenges in achieving stable frequency generation for accurate fill level determination, particularly in the terahertz range, due to the complexity and instability of existing solutions.

Innovation Solution

A method and device that utilize terahertz pulses by controlling the repetition frequency based on transit time, allowing for exact level determination even with fluctuating frequencies, using a pulse generation unit with a cascaded structure and modulation elements to generate and process THz waves, and a control/evaluation unit to adjust the repetition frequency and introduce a time delay for masking interference.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If terahertz pulses are used for level measurement, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases due to the complexity of THz wave generation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefill level measurement precisionVSAvoidpulse generation unit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The pulse generation unit is divided into multiple cascaded oscillator stages (first oscillator unit, second oscillator unit, etc.) that generate electromagnetic waves at different frequencies. These segmented oscillator units are mixed together to produce the desired terahertz frequency, breaking down the complex THz generation into simpler, manageable frequency components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A mixer is introduced as an intermediary component between the oscillator units to combine their output signals. The mixer transforms the electromagnetic waves from different frequency sources into the desired terahertz frequency range, serving as a mediator that enables THz generation without requiring a single complex THz source

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If high frequency microwave pulses are used, then measurement precision is improved, but frequency stability deteriorates in the terahertz range

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelevel measurement accuracyVSAvoidfrequency stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The terahertz frequency is segmented into multiple lower-frequency oscillator components that are mixed together. Each oscillator unit operates at a stable, lower frequency where frequency stability is more easily maintained, rather than requiring a single unstable high-frequency THz oscillator

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The control/evaluation unit monitors the transit time of reflected pulses and adjusts the repetition frequency accordingly. This feedback mechanism compensates for frequency variations and maintains accurate level measurement despite frequency instability in the terahertz range

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Productivity

If repetition frequency is increased to reduce transit time, then productivity is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to reduced signal resolution

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement speedVSAvoidfill level resolution
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The repetition frequency is made dynamically adjustable by the control/evaluation unit based on the measured transit time. The system can increase repetition frequency for fast measurements when time permits, and decrease it when higher resolution is needed, optimizing both productivity and precision dynamically

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the repetition frequency parameter adaptively depending on measurement conditions. By varying this key parameter, the system can optimize between speed and precision based on the specific measurement requirements and transit time characteristics

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables precise fill level measurement with simpler and less demanding frequency stability requirements for the pulse generation units, effectively reducing systematic interference and allowing for a compact, efficient fill level measuring device.

Implementation Method 1

an antenna unit connected to the wave transmission unit, for transmitting the THz pulse into the container and for receiving the THz pulse reflected on the surface of the filling material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

the THz pulse is reflected on the surface of the filling material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3423795B1Process for measuring the level of a bulk material in a container by terahertz pulses and level sensing device
Publication Date: 2021.06.16 ENDRESS & HAUSER GMBH & CO KG
  • EP3423795B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3423795B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3423795B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for measuring the fill state (L) of a content which can be found in a container (2) or for determining the distance (h-L) to an object (2) using terahertz (THz) pulses and to a fill state measuring device which is suitable for carrying out the method. The THz pulses are emitted at a repetition frequency (fpuls), and according to the invention, the repetition frequency (fpuls) is controlled on the basis of the transit time (t) such that the repetition frequency (fpuls) increases as the transit time (t) decreases and the repetition frequency decreases as the transit time (t) increases. In contrast to the classic pulse transit time method, the distance (h-L) or the fill state (L) is determined not by using the measured transit time (t) but rather by using the adjusting repetition frequency (fpuls). The advantage of the method according to the invention consists in that the fill state can be determined in an exact manner on the basis of THz pulses even when the frequency of the THz pulses fluctuates substantially. Very simply constructed pulse generating units (40) can therefore be used with comparably fewer requirements for frequency stability of the THz pulses.