High-Nickel Ternary Electrode Coating for Gas Generation
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Solution Overview
Problem
High-nickel ternary positive electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries suffer from excessive gas generation and deteriorated cycle performance due to side reactions with the electrolytic solution, which limits their energy density and thermal stability.
Innovation Solution
A ternary positive electrode material with a substrate formula of LixNiyCozMkMepOrAm, where M comprises Mn and/or Al, and a coating layer containing elements like Al, Zr, Ba, Zn, Ti, Co, W, Y, Si, Sn, B, and P, is developed to control nickel leachate absorption and enhance crystal structural stability, reducing side reactions and gas generation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If nickel content is increased to improve energy density, then battery energy density is improved, but high temperature gas generation performance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
A coating layer comprising aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide is applied on the surface of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material. This coating layer acts as an intermediary barrier between the nickel-containing active material and the electrolytic solution, preventing direct contact and side reactions that cause gas generation, while allowing lithium ion transport to maintain energy density.
Solution Approach 2:
The positive electrode material is designed as a composite structure with a high-nickel ternary core (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2) and an inorganic coating shell (aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide). This composite structure combines the high capacity of nickel-rich materials with the protective properties of oxide coatings, achieving both high energy density and low gas generation.
2Use of energy by moving object
If nickel content is increased to improve energy density, then battery energy density is improved, but cycle performance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide coating layer serves as a protective intermediary that prevents direct side reactions between the high-nickel active material and the electrolytic solution during cycling. This barrier maintains crystal structural stability over repeated charge-discharge cycles, preventing capacity fade and maintaining reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the positive electrode material surface by applying a specific coating with controlled thickness and composition (aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide). This parameter change at the surface level protects the bulk material's high-nickel composition, enabling both high energy density and good cycle performance.
3Use of energy by moving object
If nickel content is increased to improve energy density, then battery energy density is improved, but thermal stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The high-nickel ternary material (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2) is combined with thermally stable inorganic oxides (aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide) in a core-shell composite structure. The oxide coating shell has high thermal stability and acts as a thermal barrier, protecting the nickel-rich core from thermal degradation and improving overall thermal stability while maintaining high energy density.
Solution Approach 2:
The aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide coating layer acts as a thermal intermediary barrier between the high-nickel active material and the external environment. This coating has high melting point and thermal stability, preventing thermal runaway and improving the thermal safety of the battery while allowing the high-nickel material to maintain its energy density advantages.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The material achieves improved cycle performance, thermal stability, and reduced gas generation by inhibiting nickel leachate absorption, maintaining high energy density while preventing crystal structure collapse and swelling.
Implementation Method 1
absorbance of nickel leachate per unit mass of the positive electrode material w≤0.7
Data Source
AI summary
This disclosure relates to the field of electrochemistry, and in particular, to a positive electrode material, an electrochemical energy storage apparatus and a vehicle. The positive electrode material of this disclosure includes a substrate, with a formula of the substrate being LixNiyCOzMkMepOrAm, where 0.95≤x≤1.05, 0.50≤y≤0.95, 0≤z≤0.2, 0≤k≤0.4, 0≤p≤0.05, 1≤r≤2, 0≤m≤2, m+r≤2; a coating layer is disposed on the substrate, where the coating layer includes a coating element; and absorbance of nickel leachate per unit mass of the positive electrode material w≤0.7.