Ternary Quantum State Readout via Binary Mid-Circuit Measurements
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current quantum computing systems configured for binary states struggle to measure ternary quantum states without modifying their microarchitecture and instruction set, limiting their ability to detect leakage errors and perform ternary computations effectively.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of binary-outcome measurement operations, including mid-circuit measurements and quantum state-inverting gates, allows for the determination of ternary measurement outcomes without altering the existing microarchitecture, enabling the readout of |0, |1, and |2 states in a standard quantum computer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a standard measurement instruction is used to distinguish probabilities in the computational subspace |0 and |1, then the quantum system can perform binary measurements with existing readout control circuitry, but it cannot measure the quantum state probability in higher energy substrates such as the second excited state |2
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the ternary measurement problem into multiple binary measurements. By performing separate binary measurements for different state pairs (|0 vs |1, |0 vs |2, |1 vs |2), the system can reconstruct ternary probability information using existing binary readout circuitry. This segmentation allows the quantum system to measure ternary states without requiring a complete redesign of the measurement apparatus.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent makes the existing binary measurement circuitry universal by showing it can be applied to multiple measurement scenarios. The same readout control circuitry calibrated for binary measurements can be reused for ternary measurements through appropriate sequence design and probability reconstruction, eliminating the need for separate ternary-specific measurement hardware.
2Adaptability or versatility
If the existing microarchitecture and instruction set of a standard quantum computer are modified to process ternary measurement outcomes, then ternary quantum state measurement becomes possible, but the complexity of the quantum system increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses copying by performing multiple identical binary measurement operations to gather information about different state pairs. Instead of creating a complex new ternary measurement operation, the system copies the proven binary measurement sequence multiple times with different configurations and combines the results. This approach achieves ternary measurement capability without modifying the core measurement architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameters of existing binary measurement operations rather than creating new measurement hardware. By adjusting which states are being measured and how the measurement sequences are configured, the system can extract ternary probability information from binary measurements. This parameter-based approach avoids microarchitecture modifications while achieving the desired functionality.
3Adaptability or versatility
If mid-circuit measurements are implemented to enable ternary state readout, then the measurement can be performed within the existing binary framework, but additional measurement operations increase the measurement time and computational overhead
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary binary measurements during the quantum circuit execution (mid-circuit) rather than waiting until the end. By measuring certain qubits intermediate to the full computation, the system can extract ternary state information earlier in the process. This preliminary action reduces the overall measurement time by not requiring a complete circuit execution followed by final measurement.
Data Source
AI summary
A device comprises memory that is configured to store program instructions, and processing circuitry, coupled to the memory, and configured to execute the program instructions to perform a process to measure a quantum state of a quantum bit. In performing the process, the processing circuitry is configured to: cause a sequence of operations to be performed on the quantum bit, the sequence of operations comprising at least a first binary-outcome measurement operation, a quantum state-inverting gate operation, and a second binary-outcome measurement operation; and determine a ternary measurement outcome, as the quantum state, based at least in part on discriminated binary-outcome measurements that result from the first binary-outcome measurement operation and the second binary-outcome measurement operation.