Electrochemical Test Strip Voltage Sequencing for Interference Removal
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional electrochemical test strip systems face challenges in accurately measuring analyte concentrations due to current consumption during sample presence detection and incubation periods, interference from materials like oxygen and uric acid, and reduced signal strength, leading to deviations in measurement accuracy, especially with small sample volumes or short measurement times.
Innovation Solution
Applying a first voltage during an interference-removal period after sample detection and an incubation period, followed by a second, lower voltage during the test period, to oxidize interference materials and maintain a stable electrode area, thereby reducing current consumption and enhancing measurement accuracy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a voltage is applied during sample presence detection and incubation periods, then the mixing and dissolution of sample and reagent is enhanced, but current is consumed which results in measurement deviation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies a preliminary high voltage during the incubation period to accelerate the dissolution and mixing of the sample with the reagent before the actual measurement. This preliminary action ensures complete reaction preparation without consuming current during the measurement phase, thus resolving the contradiction between measurement speed and accuracy.
2Measurement precision
If the surface area of the working electrode is increased to enhance signal strength, then measurement sensitivity is improved, but the electrode area may vary affecting measurement precision
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the voltage parameter applied to the electrode rather than varying the electrode surface area. By applying different voltages at different stages (high voltage during incubation, lower voltage during measurement), the system achieves enhanced signal strength and reaction efficiency without needing to increase electrode area, thus avoiding manufacturing variability issues.
3Measurement precision
If the measurement time is extended to improve accuracy, then measurement precision is enhanced, but sample volume requirements increase which complicates operation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs periodic voltage application with distinct phases: a high-voltage incubation period to rapidly prepare the reaction, followed by a lower-voltage measurement period. This periodic action compresses the total measurement time while maintaining accuracy, reducing the required sample volume and simplifying operation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly improves the accuracy of analyte concentration measurements by minimizing interference and maintaining a steady electrode area, allowing for precise results even with small sample volumes or short measurement times.
Implementation Method 1
Applying a first voltage during an interference-removal period after sample detection and an incubation period, followed by a second, lower voltage during the test period, to oxidize interference materials
Implementation Method 2
the mechanisms for the reactions among the glucose in a sample, the GOD and the mediator and the subsequent testing reactions are listed as follows. Glucose+GOD(ox)→Gluconic acid+GOD(red) (1) GOD(red)+2M(ox)→2M(red)+GOD(ox)+2H+ (2) 2M(red)(Apply Voltage)→2M(ox)+2e− (3)
Implementation Method 3
as shown in the Cottrell Equation, the time-dependent sensed current decreases with the square root of the time period, during which the predetermined voltage is applied to the electrodes
Data Source
AI summary
A method for operating a measurement for a sample on an electrochemical test strip including at least two electrodes is provided. The method includes steps of applying a first voltage between the two electrodes during an interference-removal period after an incubation period succeeding a moment when the sample is detected, and applying a second voltage between the two electrodes during a test period, wherein the first voltage is larger than the second voltage, the first voltage includes one of a first fixed voltage and a first set of plural pulse voltages, and the second voltage includes a second fixed voltage.