Tetrahedral Ceramic Abrasive Particles for Consistent Grinding

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing bonded abrasive articles face issues with inconsistent abrasive particle orientation due to manufacturing techniques, leading to erratic and degraded abrading performance, as they often lack a high degree of symmetry in their shape and size.

Innovation Solution

The development of ceramic shaped abrasive particles with four major sides joined by six common edges, where each side contacts three others, and the common edges have lengths within +/-20 percent of a nominal length, providing tetrahedral symmetry and reducing orientation-related performance issues. These particles are used in abrasive articles, such as grinding wheels and cut-off wheels, with a binder and optional reinforcing materials.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional manufacturing techniques are used for abrasive particles, then production is simpler and faster, but the particles lack consistent symmetry leading to erratic abrading performance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveabrading performance consistencyVSAvoidparticle shape symmetry
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies asymmetry principle by intentionally designing a specific symmetric shape (tetrahedral with four major sides and six common edges) that eliminates random orientation issues. This controlled symmetry ensures consistent abrading performance regardless of particle orientation in the abrasive article.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the geometric parameters of abrasive particles by specifying precise dimensional relationships (six common edges with lengths within +/-20 percent of a nominal length, four major sides with specific contact relationships). This parameter control transforms irregular particles into consistently shaped particles that perform reliably.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If abrasive particles have high symmetry with specific geometric constraints, then abrading performance consistency improves, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveabrading performance consistencyVSAvoidparticle shape control
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the complex shape control into manageable geometric features: four major sides, six common edges, specific vertex configurations, and defined contact relationships. This segmentation makes the manufacturing process more controllable while achieving the desired symmetry.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent defines specific parameter ranges (edge lengths within +/-20 percent of nominal, four major sides with specific contact relationships) that balance manufacturing feasibility with performance consistency. These parameter specifications provide clear manufacturing targets without requiring excessive precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The ceramic shaped abrasive particles enhance the consistency and effectiveness of abrading processes by minimizing orientation-dependent performance variations, resulting in improved grinding and cutting characteristics while maintaining low operating temperatures to prevent thermal damage to workpieces.

Implementation Method 1

drying the ceramic precursor dispersion

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Implementation Method 2

sintering the calcined ceramic shaped abrasive particle precursor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSintering: Sintering

Data Source

PatentEP2563549B1Ceramic shaped abrasive particles, methods of making the same, and abrasive articles containing the same
Publication Date: 2022.07.13 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO
  • EP2563549B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2563549B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3E

AI summary

Ceramic shaped abrasive particles have four major sides joined by six common edges. Each one of the four major sides contacts three other of the four major sides. The six common edges have substantially the same length. Methods of making the ceramic shaped particle are disclosed. The ceramic shaped abrasive particles are useful for abrading a surface of a workpiece. An abrasive article includes the ceramic shaped abrasive particles retained in a binder.