Textured Perovskite Solar Cell Hole Transport Layer for Conformal Growth
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current perovskite layers with a pyramid-textured surface suffer from poor crystallinity and conformability, hindering further improvements in solar cell conversion efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A solar cell structure with a first hole transport layer made of 2Ph-4PACz or R-2Ph-4PACz, thickness ranging from 2 nm to 15 nm, enhances hole extraction and improves texture conformability and crystallinity of the perovskite layer by promoting better interaction with the lead halide skeleton layer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If a perovskite layer with a pyramid-textured surface is used, then light reflectivity is reduced and light absorption is enhanced, but crystallinity and conformability of the perovskite layer deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
A first hole transport layer made of 2Ph-4PACz or R-2Ph-4PACz with thickness of 2 nm to 15 nm is introduced as an intermediary between the textured substrate and the perovskite layer. This intermediary layer promotes conformal growth of the perovskite layer on the pyramid-textured surface, resolving the contradiction between maintaining the textured surface for light absorption and achieving good crystallinity and conformability of the perovskite layer.
2Reliability
If the first hole transport layer thickness is increased, then hole extraction is improved, but the overall device complexity and material usage increase
Solution Approach 1:
The thickness of the first hole transport layer is optimized to a specific range of 2 nm to 15 nm. This parameter optimization achieves effective hole extraction while avoiding excessive material usage and device complexity. The specific thickness range allows the layer to fulfill its function without becoming too thick, thus balancing performance and simplicity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The improved conformal growth of the perovskite layer leads to enhanced open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.
Implementation Method 1
A material of the first hole transport layer is 2Ph-4PACz or R-2Ph-4PACz... enhances hole extraction
Implementation Method 2
Solar cell... improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell... enhanced open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and overall photoelectric conversion efficiency
Implementation Method 3
a perovskite layer with a pyramid-textured surface exhibits a low light reflectivity, which is beneficial for enhancing light absorption
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure discloses a solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a substrate, a first hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, and a first electrode, which are laminated from bottom to top. The substrate has a textured structure. The first hole transport layer, the perovskite layer, and the electron transport layer are grown along the textured structure. A thickness of the first hole transport layer is 2 nm to 15 nm. A material of the first hole transport layer is 2Ph-4PACz having a structure of formula I or R-2Ph-4PACz having a structure of formula II:where R is NO2, F, Cl, Br, pyrazine, or pyridine. The perovskite layer is obtained by a reaction of a lead halide skeleton layer with a cation solution.