TFT Array Substrate Pixel Electrode Design for High Transmittance
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing FFS-type liquid crystal display panels face limitations in designing high-resolution pixels due to resolution constraints of exposure machines, which restrict the number of liquid crystal domains and result in reduced transmittance.
Innovation Solution
A TFT array substrate design where adjacent pixel units form a unit group with an odd number of strip electrodes and slits in the width direction, allowing for equal-sized pixel units without color resistance compensation, thereby increasing transmittance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If the number of liquid crystal domains is increased to improve transmittance, then transmittance is improved, but the line width and line distance exceed the resolution limitation of the exposure machine
Solution Approach 1:
The pixel electrode is divided into multiple strip electrodes arranged in a comb-like structure, creating multiple liquid crystal domains within each pixel. This segmentation allows the light transmission path to be distributed across multiple narrower strips, improving overall transmittance while keeping individual line widths within exposure machine capabilities.
Solution Approach 2:
The pixel electrode uses an asymmetric comb-like structure with strip electrodes extending in one direction while the common electrode remains flat. This asymmetric design optimizes the electric field distribution for fringe field switching, enabling better light transmission control without requiring symmetric patterns that would increase line density requirements.
2Manufacturing precision
If the line width and line distance are reduced to meet exposure machine resolution requirements, then manufacturing precision is improved, but the transmittance is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The comb-like pixel electrode structure extends the light transmission capability into the lateral dimension by creating multiple parallel strip electrodes. Instead of relying on a single wide electrode that would require large line distances, the multi-strip design distributes transmission across multiple narrower paths, effectively increasing total transmission area without increasing individual line dimensions beyond exposure capabilities.
3Device complexity
If all pixels are made identical in shape and size for simplicity, then device complexity is reduced, but the design flexibility for high-resolution small-size panels is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The comb-like pixel electrode structure serves multiple functions simultaneously: it creates multiple liquid crystal domains for high transmittance, defines pixel boundaries through its pattern, and allows flexible arrangement within the pixel area. This universal design can be adapted to various pixel sizes and resolutions without changing the fundamental structure, providing both simplicity and design flexibility.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention discloses a TFT array substrate, comprising: a plurality of scan lines; a plurality of data lines; pixel units located in areas defined by adjacent scan lines and adjacent data lines; wherein each of the pixel units comprises a first electrode and a second electrode stacked and insulated from each other, the first electrode is flat shape, and the second electrode comprises a plurality of strip electrodes extending along a first direction and arranged along a second direction; a first pixel unit and a second pixel unit adjacent to each other form a unit group; the first pixel unit comprises a first part extending along the first direction and a second part extending from an end area of the first part to the second pixel unit; the second pixel unit comprises a third part extending along the first direction and a fourth part extending from an end area of the third part to the first pixel unit; and the second part is staggered with the fourth part. With such design, the color resistance compensation can not be needed, and also the transmittance is increased.