Thermally Expandable Urea Derivative Compositions for Automotive Sealing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Modern automotive components with cavities face challenges in sealing to prevent moisture and contaminant ingress, noise transmission, and require lightweight, rigid structures, but existing exothermic blowing agents are hazardous, explosive, and produce prohibited by-products, leading to high water absorption and inconsistent foam structures.

Innovation Solution

Thermally expandable compositions comprising peroxidically cross-linking polymers, peroxides, and endothermic chemical blowing agents, specifically carboxylic acids and urea derivatives, which are safer, produce fewer VOCs, and offer lower water absorption and consistent foam structures across a wider temperature range.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If exothermic blowing agents are used, then expansion and foaming occur, but respiratory sensitivity, toxicity, and explosiveness increase

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesafetyVSAvoidrespiratory sensitivity and toxicity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the thermal parameter of the blowing agent from exothermic to endothermic decomposition. This fundamental parameter change eliminates the harmful exothermic reaction while maintaining the gas generation function, thereby resolving the safety and toxicity issues associated with conventional exothermic blowing agents.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the previously harmful exothermic decomposition into a beneficial endothermic process. The endothermic decomposition not only eliminates safety hazards but also provides a cooling effect during expansion, which helps control the foaming process and reduces the risk of uncontrolled expansion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Quantity of substance

If exothermic blowing agents are used, then foaming occurs, but volatile organic compound content increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefoam generationVSAvoidvolatile organic compounds
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the decomposition temperature parameter of the blowing agent to below 100°C. This temperature parameter change ensures that the decomposition occurs at low temperatures where volatile organic compound formation is minimized, while still achieving adequate foam expansion for the application.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Volume of moving object

If exothermic blowing agents are used, then expansion occurs at high temperatures, but water absorption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveexpansionVSAvoidwater absorption
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the decomposition temperature parameter from high (140-220°C) to low (below 100°C). This temperature parameter change prevents the formation of large pores that would increase water absorption, while still achieving the required expansion volume through controlled low-temperature decomposition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Quantity of substance

If exothermic blowing agents are used, then foaming occurs, but foam structure consistency decreases with temperature variation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefoam structureVSAvoidfoam structure consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the decomposition temperature parameter to below 100°C, which is below the curing temperature range. This ensures that the blowing agent decomposes completely before curing begins, eliminating the temperature sensitivity issue where partial decomposition at lower temperatures would lead to inconsistent foam structures. The low decomposition temperature provides a stable, consistent foam structure across the entire curing temperature range.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides a safer, more efficient sealing and bonding method with reduced water absorption and consistent foam structure, enabling improved corrosion resistance and structural stability in automotive components without the hazards of exothermic agents.

Implementation Method 1

endothermic chemical blowing agents, specifically carboxylic acids and urea derivatives

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEndothermic decomposition: Endothermic Reaction

Implementation Method 2

During decomposition, they also give rise to by-products such as ammonia, formamide, formaldehyde or nitrosamines

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal decomposition: Decomposition (biological)

Implementation Method 3

at least one peroxidically cross-linking polymer, at least one peroxide

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPeroxide cross-linking: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentUS11505669B2Thermally expandable compositions comprising urea derivatives
Publication Date: 2022.11.22 HENKEL KGAA

AI summary

The present application relates to a thermally expandable composition containing at least one peroxide cross-linking polymer, at least one peroxide and at least one endothermic, chemical blowing agent, the blowing agent comprising at least one solid, optionally functionalized, polycarboxylic acid or the salt thereof and at least one urea derivative according to the formula (I) as defined herein; as well as shaped bodies containing the composition and to a method for sealing and filling voids in components, for strengthening or reinforcing components, in particular hollow components, and for bonding mobile components using shaped bodies of this type.