Thermoelectric string, panel, and covers for function and durability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing thermoelectric heating and cooling systems face challenges in durability, tactile and visual appeal, and efficient airflow distribution, particularly in applications like office cushions and plant soil temperature control, where they require enhancements for long-term use and improved comfort and productivity.
Innovation Solution
The integration of a thermoelectric string into a multi-layer foam stack with optimized softness and airflow, combined with strain relief designs, patterned covers, and airflow pillars to enhance durability and airflow distribution, and the use of materials like foam, rubber, and textiles to improve tactile feel and visual appearance, along with the incorporation of fans and occupancy switches for efficient operation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If a thermoelectric string is integrated into a foam panel for heating and cooling, then thermal performance and comfort are improved, but durability of the string wires deteriorates due to repeated bending stress during long-term use
Solution Approach 1:
A strain relief structure is integrated into the foam panel at the location where the thermoelectric string exits the panel. This strain relief acts as a cushioning element that absorbs and distributes the bending stress, preventing the wire from experiencing sharp or repeated stress concentrations that would lead to fatigue failure. The strain relief is positioned beforehand at the critical exit point to protect the wire during long-term use.
2Use of energy by moving object
If the thermoelectric string is placed close to the surface for efficient heat transfer, then thermal efficiency is improved, but tactile appeal deteriorates due to visible and palpable wires on the cushion surface
Solution Approach 1:
A thin layer of foam or fabric is introduced as an intermediary between the thermoelectric string and the cushion surface. This intermediary layer is thin enough to allow efficient thermal conduction from the string to the user, but thick enough to conceal the wires from view and touch. The intermediary acts as a mediator that simultaneously satisfies both the thermal efficiency requirement and the aesthetic/tactile appeal requirement.
3Device complexity
If the thermoelectric string is routed through the foam panel, then integration and compactness are improved, but airflow distribution deteriorates due to blockage of air channels
Solution Approach 1:
The foam panel is segmented into multiple regions: solid foam sections for structural support and thermal insulation, and hollow or reduced-density channels for airflow. The thermoelectric string is routed through these segmented pathways, allowing it to be integrated into the panel while maintaining open channels for air circulation. The segmentation separates the thermal conduction path (through foam) from the airflow path (through channels), resolving the conflict between integration and airflow distribution.
4Reliability
If strain relief is added to protect the thermoelectric string, then durability is improved, but device complexity increases due to additional components
Solution Approach 1:
The strain relief function is merged with the existing foam panel structure rather than being implemented as a separate discrete component. The foam material itself is shaped or configured to provide strain relief at the string exit point, combining the structural support function of the foam with the strain relief protection function. This merging approach provides durability enhancement while minimizing the increase in device complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides enhanced durability, improved airflow distribution, increased tactile and visual appeal, and efficient energy use in heated and cooled products, such as office cushions and plant soil temperature control systems, while maintaining thermal performance and user comfort.
Implementation Method 1
a thermoelectric heating and cooling system comprising a connected string of thermoelectric elements
Implementation Method 2
woven into an insulating panel, which may be comprised of a soft material like foam
Implementation Method 3
A conductor material is expanded on either side of the panel to distribute heat on one side and cooling on the other
Data Source
AI summary
A thermoelectric device comprising an elongated panel of two foam layers, and having an inserted thermoelectric string is incorporated into a seat cushion, planting pot, and battery thermal manager. Several enhancements to the string and the panel improve its durability, visual appeal, and tactile appeal over the prior art.