ThMn12 Magnetic Material Yttrium Stabilization Coercive Force
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current permanent magnets face challenges in achieving high saturation magnetization and coercive force, which are essential for reducing the size of rotary electrical machines and vehicles while maintaining performance.
Innovation Solution
A magnetic material with a composition of (R1-xYx)aMbTc, where R is a rare-earth element, M is Fe or Fe and Co, and T is Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, or W, is developed, with a ThMn12 type crystal phase as the main phase, and Yttrium is added to stabilize the phase, controlling the concentrations of elements to suppress the precipitation of the α-(Fe, Co) phase and enhance coercive force.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If the concentration of Fe and Co is increased to achieve high saturation magnetization, then the saturation magnetization is improved, but the α-(Fe, Co) phase precipitates which reduces coercive force
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the concentration ranges of Fe (20-80 atomic percent) and Co (0-60 atomic percent) within the ThMn12 type crystal phase structure. This optimization ensures high saturation magnetization while preventing α-(Fe, Co) phase precipitation, thereby maintaining coercive force. The specific compositional parameters are tuned to balance magnetic properties without triggering harmful phase transformations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite material principles by creating a multi-element system comprising rare-earth elements (R), Fe, Co, and transition metals (Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W) in a ThMn12 type crystal phase structure. This composite composition synergistically combines elements that contribute to saturation magnetization (Fe, Co) with elements that stabilize the crystal structure and prevent unwanted phase precipitation, achieving both high magnetization and coercive force simultaneously.
2Reliability
If rare-earth elements such as Nd and Sm are used to achieve large magnetic anisotropy and high coercive force, then coercive force is improved, but saturation magnetization is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by assigning different functional roles to different elements within the crystal phase: rare-earth elements (R) provide magnetic anisotropy and coercive force, while Fe and Co contribute to saturation magnetization. The transition metals (Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W) are strategically incorporated to stabilize the ThMn12 type crystal phase structure. This localized functional distribution allows the material to simultaneously achieve high coercive force from rare-earth elements and high saturation magnetization from Fe-Co combinations without mutual interference.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The magnetic material achieves higher saturation magnetization and coercive force, enabling smaller, more efficient rotary electrical machines and vehicles with improved performance and reduced size.
Implementation Method 1
Yttrium is added to stabilize the phase
Implementation Method 2
these magnets contain rare-earth elements such as Nd and Sm, which brings about a large magnetic anisotropy which is derived from a behavior of 4f electrons of the rare-earth elements in a crystal field
Implementation Method 3
Fe and Co contribute to increase in saturation magnetization
Data Source
AI summary
An magnetic material is a magnetic material expressed by a composition formula 1: (R1-xYx)aMbTc, which includes a main phase consisting of a ThMn12 type crystal phase. 30 atomic percent or more of the element M in the composition formula 1 is Fe.