Threaded Guide Wire Catheter for Centralized Occlusion Penetration
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current minimally invasive techniques for unblocking occluded blood vessels, such as angioplasty, face challenges with stiff guide wires that can displace and cause vessel perforation, especially in calcified occlusions, due to lack of central alignment and control, leading to potential dissection or perforation of blood vessels.
Innovation Solution
A device comprising a first elongated member with an anchoring balloon and a second elongated member with a threaded distal tip, allowing for rotational motion conversion into linear advancement through the occlusion, ensuring central alignment and secure penetration of the occlusion without external power packs or highly trained personnel.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If a stiff guide wire is used to traverse the occlusion, then the guide wire can penetrate hard calcified occlusions, but the guide wire may slide to one side and cause vessel dissection or perforation
Solution Approach 1:
A catheter is introduced as an intermediary device between the operator and the guide wire. The catheter receives rotational input from the operator and converts it to controlled linear advancement of the guide wire through its bore, mediating the interaction to provide both penetration force and directional control to prevent vessel damage
Solution Approach 2:
The manual pushing mechanism is replaced with a rotational-to-linear conversion mechanism. The catheter's threaded engagement with the guide wire converts rotational motion (easier to control) into precise linear advancement, substituting the direct mechanical pushing system with a more controllable rotational system
2Ease of operation
If manual pushing of the guide wire is used, then the operation is simple and does not require external power packs, but precise control of the guide wire tip position is impossible
Solution Approach 1:
Direct manual linear pushing is substituted with a rotational-to-linear conversion system. The threaded mechanism between catheter and guide wire transforms rotational input (which provides better mechanical advantage and control) into precise linear advancement, enabling accurate tip positioning while maintaining operational simplicity
Solution Approach 2:
The static direct-push system is replaced with a dynamic rotational system. The operator can control guide wire advancement in small incremental steps through rotation, allowing dynamic adjustment of tip position with high precision while maintaining ease of operation
3Strength
If the guide wire is advanced through a catheter, then the guide wire can be protected during advancement, but the guide wire tip cannot be maintained in central position within the vessel
Solution Approach 1:
The catheter acts as a feedback-controlled delivery system. As the operator rotates the catheter to advance the guide wire, the catheter's engagement with the vessel wall and its bore geometry provide feedback that maintains the guide wire tip in central position, preventing lateral displacement while protecting the wire during advancement
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Facilitates precise and controlled penetration of occlusions with reduced risk of vessel damage, maintaining central alignment and providing a mechanical advantage for effective occlusion clearance, enhancing the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive procedures.
Implementation Method 1
The bore is internally threaded and the leading portion of the guide wire is externally threaded for co-operating with the threaded bore for advancing the leading portion of the guide wire into engagement with the occlusion
Data Source
AI summary
A device for unblocking an occlusion (3) in an occluded vessel (2) comprises a catheter (5) having an inflatable balloon (19) located at a distal leading end (8) thereof so that by inflating the balloon (19) the leading end of the catheter (5) may be anchored in the occluded vessel (2) or in a vessel adjacent the occluded vessel (2) with the leading end adjacent the occlusion (3). A guide wire (12) terminating in a pointed distal tip (18) is urgeable through a bore (10) in the catheter (5) for engaging and penetrating through the occlusion (3). A leading portion (17) of the guide wire (12) is externally threaded at (26), and is engageable with an internally threaded portion (25) of the bore (10) adjacent a leading portion (9) of the catheter (5), so that when the catheter (5) is anchored by the balloon (19) with the leading portion (9) of the catheter (5) adjacent and abutting the occlusion (3) with the external threads (26) of the guide wire (12) engaging the internal threads (25) of the catheter (5), rotation of the guide wire (12) urges the distal tip (18) of the guide wire (12) into engagement with the occlusion (3) and to penetrate through the occlusion (3).