Three-Broadside-Mode Patch Antenna Design
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional patch antennas typically exhibit only two broadside radiation modes, making it challenging to achieve compact designs with multiple broadside-mode radiations due to high mutual coupling between antenna ports, which limits their efficiency and practical application in massive MIMO systems.
Innovation Solution
A three-broadside-mode patch antenna design featuring a rotationally symmetric radiator with a dielectric separation and three antenna probes, providing three broadside radiation polarizations with low mutual coupling, allowing for compact and efficient operation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional patch antenna designs are used, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but only two broadside radiation modes can be achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The patch antenna is divided into multiple independent feeding regions, each fed by a separate coaxial probe. The patch is segmented into three distinct feeding areas that can be independently excited, allowing three separate broadside radiation modes to be generated from a single continuous patch structure.
Solution Approach 2:
A single patch antenna structure performs multiple functions by supporting three different broadside radiation modes simultaneously. The same patch element radiates in three different directions or polarizations depending on which of the three coaxial probes is excited, making the antenna multi-functional without requiring three separate antenna elements.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multi-mode antennas are implemented to increase antenna ports, then the number of radiation modes increases, but mutual coupling between antenna ports becomes high and complicated
Solution Approach 1:
Different regions of the patch have different local characteristics optimized for specific radiation modes. Each feeding region on the patch has distinct impedance and current distribution characteristics that are locally optimized for its corresponding radiation mode, reducing interference and mutual coupling between different ports.
Solution Approach 2:
The patch itself acts as an intermediary that couples the three coaxial probes to the radiation environment. Instead of having the probes directly interact with each other, they all couple to the patch which then radiates. The patch serves as a mediating structure that distributes energy to three different radiation modes while isolating the feeding probes from direct mutual coupling.
3Volume of moving object
If compact antenna designs are pursued to build more radiating elements in a specific area, then the antenna size is reduced, but mutual coupling increases
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna transitions from a planar two-dimensional configuration to a three-dimensional structure by positioning three coaxial probes at different heights above the patch. This vertical dimensionality allows the probes to be spaced apart in the z-direction while maintaining a compact footprint in the x-y plane, reducing mutual coupling while achieving compact overall size.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design achieves a 50% increase in antenna ports with identical radiation characteristics, enabling effective use in massive MIMO systems with low mutual coupling and compact size, supporting three orthogonal polarization modes.
Implementation Method 1
a patch, wherein the patch is separated from the rotationally symmetric radiator by a dielectric and configured to capacitively feed the rotationally symmetric radiator
Data Source
AI summary
A three-broadside-mode patch antenna includes: a rotationally symmetric radiator; a patch, wherein the patch is separated from the rotationally symmetric radiator by a dielectric and configured to capacitively feed the rotationally symmetric radiator; and three antenna probes, connected to the patch, configured to provide three antenna ports corresponding to three respective broadside radiation polarizations.