Three-Layer Tyre Crown Reinforcement for Endurance and Mass Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current tires for small heavy-duty vehicles face challenges in maintaining endurance and wear performance, especially when driving on stony ground, due to increased mass and manufacturing costs associated with multiple crown reinforcement layers, which also lead to high peak temperatures causing rubber cracks.
Innovation Solution
A tire design with a radial carcass reinforcement featuring three working crown layers of metallic reinforcing elements, where the radially innermost layers have angles between 30° and 45° and the outermost layers between 12° and 20° with the circumferential direction, reducing the number of layers and mass while maintaining or improving endurance properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple crown reinforcement layers are used, then the endurance and wear performance of the tire is improved, but the tire mass and manufacturing costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the orientation angles of reinforcing elements in different layers as a key parameter. The first layer has elements at 30-45° to the circumferential direction, while the second layer has elements at 15-25°, creating an optimized stress distribution pattern that improves endurance without requiring excessive layer thickness or material quantity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite structure with two distinct layers of metallic reinforcing elements with different orientations, combined with textile carcass reinforcement. This composite arrangement allows each layer to address specific stress components, achieving superior endurance performance with reduced overall mass compared to uniform multi-layer designs.
2Reliability
If multiple crown reinforcement layers are used, then the endurance performance is improved, but the manufacturing costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
By optimizing the orientation angles of reinforcing elements in each layer, the patent achieves improved endurance performance with a more efficient material distribution. This reduces the total quantity of metallic reinforcing elements required, thereby lowering material costs and simplifying the manufacturing process while maintaining enhanced reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different reinforcing element orientations in different layers to address specific local stress conditions. The first layer (30-45°) addresses certain stress components while the second layer (15-25°) addresses others, creating a locally optimized structure that reduces overall material requirements and manufacturing complexity compared to uniform multi-layer designs.
3Weight of moving object
If the number of crown reinforcement layers is reduced, then the tire mass is reduced, but the endurance performance may deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent compensates for the reduced number of layers by optimizing the orientation angles of reinforcing elements. The first layer uses elements at 30-45° to the circumferential direction, while the second layer uses elements at 15-25°, creating an optimized stress distribution pattern that maintains endurance performance with fewer layers and reduced mass.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite structure with two distinct layers of metallic reinforcing elements with different orientations, combined with textile carcass reinforcement. This composite arrangement allows each layer to address specific stress components, achieving superior endurance performance with reduced overall mass compared to uniform multi-layer designs.
4Force
If high operating pressure is used, then the load capacity is improved, but the peak temperatures and rubber crack risk increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the orientation angles of reinforcing elements to create a more efficient stress distribution pattern. This reduces stress concentrations that lead to heat generation during operation, thereby lowering peak temperatures and reducing the risk of rubber cracks even under high operating pressures and load capacities.
Data Source
Figure 1
AI summary
A tyre for a small heavy goods vehicle, comprising a crown reinforcement formed from three working crown layers (41, 42, 43) of metal reinforcement elements; the reinforcement elements of the two radially innermost working layers (41, 42) are oriented across the circumferential direction, the angles of the reinforcement elements of the radially innermost working layer (41) being between 30° and 45°; the reinforcement elements of the two radially outermost working layers (42, 43) being oriented in the same direction relative to the circumferential direction and forming angles of between 12° and 20°; the difference between the absolute values of the angles of the reinforcement elements of each of the radially outermost working layers (42, 43) being less than 5°, and the difference between the absolute values of the angles of the reinforcement elements of the radially innermost working layers (41, 42) being greater than 14°.