Three-Mirror Relay Optics for Small Wafer Defect Inspection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing inspection tools are becoming less efficient and effective in detecting smaller defects due to advancements in large-scale circuit integration and size reduction.

Innovation Solution

An imaging objective with a three-mirror all-reflective relay system, featuring different curvatures, provides a diffraction-limited intermediate image, allowing for efficient defect detection and reduced manufacturing costs.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional inspection tools are used, then existing defect detection capability is maintained, but detection effectiveness deteriorates as defects become smaller

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedefect detection capabilityVSAvoiddetection effectiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs three spherical mirrors with different curvatures in the relay optics to achieve diffraction-limited imaging performance. The curved reflective surfaces enable precise control of light paths and wavefronts, maintaining high measurement precision for detecting smaller defects while avoiding the limitations of conventional optical systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces conventional lens-based optical systems with an all-reflective optical system using spherical mirrors. This substitution eliminates chromatic aberrations and reduces stray light issues inherent in refractive systems, thereby improving detection reliability for smaller defects through diffraction-limited performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Adaptability or versatility

If all-reflective optical systems are used, then broadband inspection capability is achieved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebroadband inspection capabilityVSAvoidoptical system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses three spherical mirrors with specifically designed different curvatures to simplify the all-reflective optical system while maintaining broadband inspection capability. The spherical geometry provides inherent aberration correction properties that reduce system complexity compared to using aspherical or complex multi-element lens systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Solution Approach 2:

The all-reflective optical system with three spherical mirrors serves multiple functions: it provides broadband inspection capability, achieves diffraction-limited performance, and maintains a fixed image plane. This multi-functionality reduces the need for additional optical components, thereby managing system complexity while enhancing versatility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Measurement precision

If diffraction-limited intermediate image is produced, then imaging precision is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimaging precisionVSAvoidmirror fabrication precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs spherical mirrors instead of aspherical mirrors, which are much easier to manufacture with high precision. The spherical geometry provides a good balance between achieving diffraction-limited imaging precision and maintaining feasible manufacturing precision requirements for the mirror surfaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Solution Approach 2:

The three spherical mirrors are positioned and configured with different curvatures to distribute the imaging requirements across multiple components. This allows each mirror to be manufactured with moderate precision while the combined system achieves diffraction-limited performance, reducing the burden on individual component manufacturing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

4Object-affected harmful factors

If three spherical mirrors with different curvatures are used, then aberrations and stray light are reduced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaberrations and stray lightVSAvoidrelay optics complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces conventional lens-based relay optics with an all-reflective system using three spherical mirrors. This substitution inherently reduces chromatic aberrations and allows for better control of stray light through reflective surfaces, while the spherical geometry simplifies the overall system design compared to complex lens assemblies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The use of three spherical mirrors with different curvatures provides effective aberration correction and stray light reduction. The spherical surfaces offer inherent symmetry and predictable optical paths that simplify the design process and reduce the need for additional corrective elements, thereby managing device complexity while achieving the desired reduction in harmful optical factors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system achieves diffraction-limited performance, enabling confocal applications and reducing aberrations, stray light, and manufacturing costs while maintaining a fixed image plane for improved defect inspection efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

The relay includes three spherical mirrors positioned to deliver a projection of the intermediate image to a fixed image plane. The three spherical mirrors may be all reflective mirrors with substantially no obscuration

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 2

a front objective configured to produce a diffraction limited intermediate image

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Data Source

PatentEP3411694B1Wafer defect inspection and review systems
Publication Date: 2026.03.04 KLA CORP
  • EP3411694B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3411694B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3411694B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Imaging objectives and inspection systems equipped with such imaging objectives are disclosed. The imaging objective may include a front objective configured to produce a diffraction limited intermediate image. The imaging objective may also include a relay configured to receive the intermediate image produced by the front objective. The relay may include three spherical mirrors positioned to deliver a projection of the intermediate image to a fixed image plane.