Three-Plate Capacitive Toner Level Sensor

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing toner level sensing methods in image forming devices are not sensitive enough to small changes in toner level, often inaccurate, and increase component complexity, which is undesirable in terms of manufacturing costs and reliability.

Innovation Solution

A three-plate capacitive toner level sensor is implemented within the toner sump, using a central sense plate and two side electrodes connected together, forming two parallel capacitors that provide enhanced sensitivity and accuracy by maximizing surface area and minimizing separation distance, while utilizing existing components like the doctor blade and gutter for electrodes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If two parallel plates are used for detecting toner volume levels, then a capacitance-based sensing mechanism is provided, but the sensitivity to small changes in toner level is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetoner level detection sensitivityVSAvoidsensor structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The sensor is divided into three separate plates (first plate, second plate, third plate) instead of using a single two-plate configuration. This segmentation allows the sensor to detect capacitance changes at multiple levels simultaneously, significantly improving sensitivity to small toner level changes while maintaining a relatively simple overall structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The sensor arrangement transitions from a single capacitance measurement between two plates to a multi-level capacitance measurement system with three plates positioned at different heights. This dimensional arrangement enables detection of toner level changes across multiple thresholds, enhancing measurement precision without substantially increasing structural complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Measurement precision

If electrical sensors measuring motive force of an agitator are used, then toner level can be determined, but component complexity and opportunities for errors increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetoner level detection accuracyVSAvoidcomponent complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The mechanical agitator-based sensing system is replaced with a static capacitive sensing system using three plates. This substitution eliminates the need for moving mechanical parts while providing accurate toner level detection through capacitance measurements, thereby reducing component complexity and potential failure points.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The sensor plates utilize the toner material itself as part of the capacitive sensing mechanism. The toner acts as a dielectric medium between the plates, and changes in toner level automatically alter the capacitance values, providing self-service sensing without requiring additional mechanical actuators or complex measurement systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Measurement precision

If optical devices including mirrors and toner dust wipers are used, then toner level can be sensed, but component complexity and opportunities for errors increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetoner level sensing accuracyVSAvoidcomponent complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The opto-mechanical sensing system involving mirrors and moving dust wipers is replaced with a static electrical capacitive sensing system. This substitution eliminates complex optical paths and mechanical moving parts, reducing component complexity while maintaining accurate toner level sensing through non-contact capacitance measurements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Ease of manufacture

If estimates of toner use and accumulation based on print or time counts are used, then toner level can be determined, but accuracy is reduced due to variability in environmental factors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensing method simplicityVSAvoidtoner level measurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The indirect estimation method based on print counts and time calculations is replaced with direct physical measurement using capacitive sensing. This substitution provides real-time actual toner level measurements rather than calculated estimates, significantly improving accuracy by eliminating the influence of environmental variables and usage pattern variations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The three-plate capacitive sensor offers improved sensitivity and resolution for toner level monitoring, reducing errors and maintaining device performance without significantly increasing manufacturing costs.

Implementation Method 1

A first plate and two second plates form a capacitive sensor having a capacitance that varies in response to an amount of toner that exists between the first plate and the two second plates

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

the capacitance varies with the amount of toner existing between the two parallel plates

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric: Dielectric

Data Source

PatentEP2798410B1Capacitive toner level sensor
Publication Date: 2018.08.01 LEXMARK INTERNATIONAL INC
  • EP2798410B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2798410B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2798410B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A toner container including a first electrode disposed within the toner container, a second electrode electrically connected to the first electrode and disposed within the toner container, and a sense electrode disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The sense electrode and the first electrode form a first capacitor having a first capacitance that changes in response to a change in toner amount existing therebetween. The sense electrode and the second electrode form a second capacitor having a second capacitance that changes in response to a change in toner amount existing therebetween