Threshold Encryption for Fraud-Resistant Network Measurement

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for determining aggregated network measurements are vulnerable to fraud and compromise user privacy, as data can be intercepted, altered, or forged, and entities can forge network identities to subvert reputation systems.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a threshold encryption scheme where each client device generates a unique group member key based on network data, allowing decryption only when a threshold number of devices contribute their keys, thereby preventing fraudulent reporting and protecting user privacy without requiring central collaboration.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If a single private key is distributed to each application for reporting network data, then decryption and data aggregation become simple, but the system becomes vulnerable to fraud and identity forgery

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedecryption simplicityVSAvoidfraud prevention
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The private key is segmented into multiple shares distributed to different client devices. Each device holds a portion of the key material, and a threshold number of shares are required to reconstruct the group key for decryption. This segmentation prevents single-point compromise and fraud while maintaining operational feasibility through distributed key management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Reliability

If client devices communicate directly to collaborate on key generation, then secure decryption is achieved, but bandwidth consumption increases and privacy is compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesecure decryptionVSAvoidbandwidth consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

Each client device independently generates its own group member key using locally available data (network data and application-specific data) without requiring communication with other devices. The devices self-serve the key generation process, and the server aggregates these independent keys to enable decryption, eliminating the need for inter-device communication and reducing bandwidth consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Reliability

If client devices communicate directly to collaborate on key generation, then secure decryption is achieved, but user privacy is compromised through inter-device communication

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesecure decryptionVSAvoiduser privacy
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

Each client device independently generates its group member key using only local data without communicating with other client devices. This self-service approach ensures that no inter-device communication occurs, thereby protecting user privacy while still achieving secure decryption through the aggregation of independently generated keys on the server side.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Reliability

If threshold encryption with multiple key shares is implemented, then fraud prevention and privacy protection are improved, but key management complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefraud preventionVSAvoidkey management complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Each client device autonomously generates its group member key using a standardized process based on locally available network data and application-specific data. This self-service key generation simplifies key management by eliminating the need for complex key distribution infrastructure or manual key sharing protocols, while still achieving the security benefits of threshold encryption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP3895368B1Preventing fraud in aggregated network measurements
Publication Date: 2026.02.04 GOOGLE LLC
  • EP3895368B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3895368B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3895368B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including a method for preventing fraud. In some aspects, a method includes: receiving, from multiple client devices, a measurement data element that includes a respective group member key and a group identifier for a given conversion as a result of displaying a digital component. Each client device uses a threshold encryption scheme to generate, based at least on network data that includes one or more of impression data or conversion data for the conversion, a group key that defines a secret for encrypting the network data and generate, based on data related to the application, the respective group member key that includes a respective share of the secret. In response to determining that at least the threshold number of measurement data elements having the same group identifier have been received, the network data is decrypted using the group member keys in the received measurement data elements.