Through-Body Duct for Wheel Arch Aerodynamic Drag Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Aerodynamic efficiency in road vehicles is compromised due to air flow disruption around the wheel arch, caused by the presence of heat exchangers and radiators, which lead to air detachment and increased drag.

Innovation Solution

A duct is integrated into the vehicle's design, extending from the front surface into the wheel arch, allowing high-energy air to be directed onto the wheel cover, thereby maintaining air flow attachment and reducing drag by ensuring the air exits with a vector that energizes the flow over the exterior of the vehicle.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If heat exchangers and radiators are installed at the front of the vehicle, then cooling function is improved, but air flow disruption and detachment occur leading to increased drag

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling functionVSAvoidair flow disruption and drag
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the air flow paths by providing separate ducts: one duct directs high-energy air through the wheel arch to the rear wheel, while another duct directs air through the heat exchanger to the front wheel. This segmentation allows the cooling function and aerodynamic flow management to operate independently without interfering with each other, resolving the contradiction between cooling efficiency and air flow disruption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces air guiding elements as intermediaries within the wheel arch duct to actively manage and redirect air flow. These guiding elements redirect the high-energy air flow to attach to the vehicle body at the rear wheel arch, preventing air detachment and reducing drag while maintaining the cooling function provided by the heat exchanger.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Temperature

If air is directed through heat exchangers, then cooling is improved, but air energy is reduced leading to poor flow attachment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling efficiencyVSAvoidair energy
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates separate air flow pathways: high-energy air is directed through the wheel arch duct without passing through the heat exchanger, preserving its energy for flow attachment. Meanwhile, a separate pathway allows air to cool the heat exchanger. This segmentation ensures that cooling efficiency is maintained while high-energy air remains available for aerodynamic flow management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary action by directing high-energy air through the wheel arch before it reaches the rear wheel area, ensuring that the air maintains its energy and can effectively attach to the vehicle body to prevent flow detachment. This preliminary positioning of high-energy air resolves the energy loss issue that would occur if the air passed through the heat exchanger first.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Object-generated harmful factors

If a duct is added to direct air through the wheel arch, then aerodynamic efficiency is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaerodynamic efficiencyVSAvoidduct structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the air guiding function with the existing wheel arch structure and body panels. The duct is integrated into the vehicle body, and air guiding elements are incorporated within the wheel arch area, combining multiple functions (air directing, flow attachment, drag reduction) into a unified structure rather than adding separate independent components, thus minimizing the increase in device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The duct structure serves multiple functions simultaneously: it directs high-energy air through the wheel arch, guides air flow attachment at the rear wheel arch, and works in conjunction with the heat exchanger cooling system. This multi-functionality reduces the need for additional separate components, thereby limiting the increase in device complexity while achieving improved aerodynamic efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The duct effectively directs high-energy air into the wheel arch, preventing air detachment and reducing drag by maintaining airflow attachment, thus enhancing the vehicle's aerodynamic efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

maintaining air flow attachment and reducing drag by ensuring the air exits with a vector that energizes the flow over the exterior of the vehicle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAir flow attachment: Boundary Layer

Implementation Method 2

reducing drag by ensuring the air exits with a vector that energizes the flow over the exterior of the vehicle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDrag reduction: Drag

Data Source

PatentEP3636518B1Through-body duct
Publication Date: 2023.06.21 MCLAREN AUTOMOTIVE LTD
  • EP3636518B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3636518B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3636518B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A vehicle comprising: a front surface exposed to the front of the vehicle; a forward ground-engaging wheel; a wheel arch defined by the body of the vehicle, the forward wheel being at least partially located in the wheel arch in at least one configuration of the wheel; and a duct extending from the front surface into the wheel arch, the duct being substantially unobstructed throughout its length.