Thunderbolt Virtual Channel Audio Traffic Prioritization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current Thunderbolt solutions lack the ability to prioritize certain types of traffic within tunneled PCIe streams, such as audio traffic, leading to potential delays and interruptions, especially when the PCIe link is congested with non-audio traffic, and do not provide mechanisms for reserving bandwidth.

Innovation Solution

Implementing methods and apparatus that allow Thunderbolt devices to advertise and discover audio capabilities, utilizing the Thunderbolt Time Management Unit for network synchronization, and allocating dedicated Converged Input/Output tunnels for audio traffic to ensure timely delivery, while also using PCIe tunnels for peer-to-peer audio routing with posted write transactions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If Thunderbolt transceivers use shared Thunderbolt connection for PCIe and DP traffic, then device complexity is reduced and universality is improved, but audio traffic cannot be prioritized over non-audio traffic

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveThunderbolt interface supports multiple protocolsVSAvoidaudio traffic delivery
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the shared Thunderbolt connection into separate virtual channels: a first virtual channel for audio traffic and a second virtual channel for non-audio traffic. This segmentation allows independent prioritization of audio traffic while maintaining the shared physical connection, resolving the contradiction between universality and reliable audio delivery.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces virtual channels as intermediary structures between the physical Thunderbolt connection and the protocol layers. These virtual channels act as mediators that enable traffic classification and prioritization without requiring separate physical connections, thus maintaining versatility while improving audio reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Device complexity

If Thunderbolt transceivers only prioritize traffic at the CIO layer, then device complexity is minimized, but bandwidth cannot be reserved for specific data streams

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetraffic prioritization mechanismVSAvoidbandwidth reservation capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments traffic into different virtual channels at the protocol level, enabling bandwidth reservation for audio traffic without requiring complex hardware modifications. This software-based segmentation achieves bandwidth reservation while keeping device complexity low.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the prioritization parameter from solely CIO-layer control to include virtual channel identification and bandwidth allocation parameters. This allows bandwidth reservation capability to be added through parameter changes rather than fundamental hardware redesign, maintaining low device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If PCIe traffic is not modified in transit through Thunderbolt, then compatibility with existing hardware is maintained, but traffic prioritization and bandwidth reservation cannot be implemented

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehardware compatibilityVSAvoidtraffic prioritization
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces virtual channels as intermediary structures that operate within the existing PCIe protocol framework. These virtual channels enable traffic prioritization and bandwidth reservation without modifying the fundamental PCIe data packets or hardware interfaces, thus maintaining compatibility while improving reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent nests virtual channel identification information within existing PCIe packet structures. This nesting approach allows traffic prioritization to be implemented without altering the outer PCIe protocol layer, maintaining hardware compatibility while enabling sophisticated traffic management inside the packet structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Data Source

PatentEP2705634B1Methods and apparatus for transporting data through network tunnels
Publication Date: 2019.10.16 APPLE INC
  • EP2705634B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2705634B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2705634B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods and apparatus for efficiently transporting data through network tunnels. In one embodiment, a tunneled device advertises certain capabilities to peer devices of a network, and discovers capabilities of peer devices of the network. In a second embodiment, each device of a tunneled network derives a network parameter from a transit protocol parameter for use in data networking.