Time-Gated Eigenchannel Light Focusing Through Scattering Media
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for focusing light on target objects embedded deeply within scattering media, such as in biomedical imaging and optogenetics, are limited by random wave diffusion, where only a small fraction of light energy reaches the target due to multiple scattering, and increasing energy delivery can lead to background noise and damage.
Innovation Solution
A method involving illuminating multiple incidence beams with different patterns, forming a time-gated reflection matrix, applying Single Value Decomposition to calculate a time-gated eigenchannel, and using an eigen incidence beam with this pattern to focus light on the target object, effectively enhancing light energy delivery.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Length of stationary object
If increasing injecting energy is used to extend working depth, then arrival distance is increased, but background noise increases and unwanted damage is induced to the sample
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the parameters of light waves by shaping the wavefront using spatial light modulators and adjusting the phase and amplitude distributions. This allows the light to be focused on deep target objects without increasing the total injecting energy, thereby avoiding background noise and sample damage while achieving deep penetration through scattering media
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the conventional approach of increasing energy injection with a wavefront shaping approach that uses phase and amplitude modulation. By controlling the phase distribution of light waves through spatial light modulators, the system achieves deep focusing without the harmful effects of excessive energy injection
2Manufacturing precision
If adaptive optics is used to control wavefront, then single-scattered waves are corrected, but only a tiny fraction of internal waves can be controlled for deeply embedded target objects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the wavefront control into multiple components by using spatial light modulators to independently control phase and amplitude distributions. This segmentation allows precise control of individual wave components and enables the system to focus light on deep target objects by controlling the phase of multiple scattered waves simultaneously
Solution Approach 2:
The patent adds the dimension of phase modulation to the wavefront control process. By introducing phase shaping through spatial light modulators, the system transitions from simple amplitude control to full complex amplitude control, enabling precise focusing of light on deep targets despite multiple scattering events
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method significantly increases the intensity of light reaching the target object, enhancing energy delivery by focusing light efficiently through scattering media, as demonstrated by experimental results showing increased intensity at the target depth, even in complex biological tissues like a rat skull.
Implementation Method 1
a random wave diffusion induced by multiple light scattering on the disordered environments drastically limits the ability to reach the target object
Implementation Method 2
obtaining reflection beams which are reflected from the target object for each incidence beams by a flight time which is a arrival time of the reflection beam to a camera
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is a method for focusing light to a target object within scattering medium comprising the following steps: (a) illuminating a plurality of incidence beams having different incidence patterns from each other, and obtaining reflection beams which are reflected from the target object for each incidence beams by a flight time which is a arrival time of the reflection beam to a camera; (b) forming a time-gated reflection matrix using the plurality of the incidence beams and the plurality of the reflection beams; (c) applying the time-gated reflection matrix to Single Value Decomposition such that a time-gated eigenchannel corresponding to a depth of the target object is calculated; (d) illuminating an eigen incidence beam having an incidence pattern, to which the time-gated eigenchannel is applied, to the target object.