Time-Resolved Deformation Analysis via High-Speed X-Ray Imaging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for analyzing vehicle crash tests struggle to provide detailed, dynamic insights into the deformation of internal components due to limited metrological access, leading to discrepancies between numerical simulations and physical experiments.
Innovation Solution
A method utilizing high-speed X-ray imaging with a pulsed X-ray source and area detector to capture multiple X-ray images of a deforming body, allowing for a time-resolved calculation of deformation by aligning a deformation model with actual measurements through data assimilation, enabling the identification of weak points and improved component design.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If strain gauges or accelerometers are used to measure deformation, then local load measurement is achieved, but the number of usable sensors is limited due to laborious wiring and connection requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical sensor systems (strain gauges and accelerometers requiring physical wiring) with an optical measurement system using high-speed cameras and 3D-DIC (Digital Image Correlation) methods. This substitution eliminates the wiring complexity while maintaining measurement capability, allowing numerous measurement points without additional connection infrastructure.
Solution Approach 2:
The optical measurement system serves multiple functions simultaneously: it captures deformation data across the entire component surface, provides full-field measurement coverage, and eliminates the need for individual sensor wiring. This multi-functional approach resolves the contradiction by providing both precise local measurement capability and system simplicity.
2Loss of information
If 3D-DIC methods are used to record externally observable deformation, then deformation digitization is achieved, but dynamic in-situ imaging of internal structures is not possible
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from two-dimensional external surface measurement (3D-DIC) to three-dimensional internal structure imaging using computed tomography (CT). This dimensional extension allows penetration through the component exterior to visualize and measure deformation of internal structures, thereby recovering the information about hidden components that was previously inaccessible.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces X-ray imaging as an intermediary method that can penetrate opaque materials and internal structures. This intermediary technique bridges the gap between external observation and internal measurement, allowing deformation tracking of hidden components without physical access or disassembly.
3Loss of information
If a-posteriori examinations are conducted on deformed vehicle structures, then final state information is obtained, but residual stresses are lost and dynamics of deformation process cannot be determined
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary action by conducting measurements during the deformation process itself rather than after completion. High-speed cameras capture deformation dynamics in real-time, and X-ray imaging records internal structure changes as they occur, preserving the temporal evolution of the deformation process and residual stress states before they are lost.
Solution Approach 2:
The measurement system maintains continuous operation throughout the deformation process, with high-speed cameras capturing thousands of frames per second and X-ray imaging providing continuous internal structure visualization. This continuity ensures that the deformation dynamics and stress evolution are recorded without interruption, eliminating the information loss inherent in post-event examinations.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach provides a spatial resolution of less than 1 mm and temporal resolution of 1,000 frames per second, enabling accurate analysis of dynamic deformation processes within vehicles, thereby enhancing safety and design efficiency by revealing hidden structural dynamics during crashes.
Implementation Method 1
A plurality of X-ray images of bodies being in the process of deformation may be obtained, such as by using a plurality of X-ray flashes or by using a pulsed X-ray source
Implementation Method 2
for example by filming a suitable scintillator through a high-speed camera
Data Source
AI summary
An example of a method for time-resolved calculation of a deformation of a body comprises calculating (110) a model of the body during the deformation. The method further comprises calculating (120) a predicted X-ray image for the body for a plurality of time points during the deformation based on the model. The method further comprises obtaining (130) one measured X-ray image of the body each for the time points during the deformation. The method further comprises modifying (140) the model based on the predicted X-ray images and the measured X-ray images.