Tin(II) Oxide Doped Anion Exchange for Hexavalent Chromium Removal
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods are inadequate for effectively removing hexavalent chromium from water, which is a contaminant in various industrial processes.
Innovation Solution
An anion exchange composition comprising polymeric beads with covalently bound amine groups and tin(II) oxide is used to treat water, specifically designed to capture hexavalent chromium ions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional ion exchangers are used to remove hexavalent chromium from water, then some chromium removal occurs, but the removal efficiency is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines polymeric beads with covalently bound amine groups and tin(II) oxide to create a composite ion exchange material. This composite structure leverages the ion exchange capacity of the polymeric beads and the specific affinity of tin(II) oxide for hexavalent chromium, achieving superior removal efficiency and rate compared to conventional single-material ion exchangers.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the chemical parameters of the ion exchanger by doping with tin(II) oxide and incorporating covalently bound amine groups. These parameter changes enhance the material's selectivity and affinity for hexavalent chromium ions, transforming it from a conventional ion exchanger with insufficient efficiency to a highly effective chromium removal system.
2Adaptability or versatility
If metal-doped ion exchangers are used to remove dissolved contaminants, then a variety of contaminants can be removed, but the composition becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by concentrating tin(II) oxide doping specifically within the polymeric bead structure rather than using a complex mixture of multiple metal dopants. This localized approach provides targeted effectiveness against hexavalent chromium while maintaining a relatively simple overall composition, avoiding the complexity that would arise from using multiple different metal dopants for different contaminants.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition efficiently removes hexavalent chromium from water, demonstrating superior performance in chromium-removal capabilities compared to other ion exchange systems.
Implementation Method 1
U.S. Pat. No. 7,708,892 describes the use of ion exchangers doped with metal. The metal-doped ion exchanger may be used for removing from water a variety of dissolved contaminants
Implementation Method 2
an anion exchange composition comprising (a) polymeric beads having covalently bound amine groups, and (b) tin(II) oxide
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a method of treating water comprising bringing water that contains dissolved chromium (VI) into contact with an anion exchange composition comprising(a) polymeric beads having covalently bound amine groups, and(b) tin (II) oxide.