Tin Particle Electrode Materials for Sodium Battery Cycle Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Sodium ion secondary batteries face challenges with tin (Sn) as a negative electrode active material due to low first cycle reversible coulombic efficiency and capacity retention issues caused by phase transitions and sodium inventory consumption during charge and discharge cycles.
Innovation Solution
The use of tin (Sn) particles with an average diameter ranging from 5 μm to 70 μm as the negative electrode active material, which improves mechanical integrity and electrochemical performance by mitigating volume changes and reducing unwanted side reactions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If tin (Sn) is used as negative electrode active material, then energy density is improved, but first cycle reversible coulombic efficiency deteriorates due to phase transitions and sodium inventory consumption
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by controlling the particle size of tin to be 1 μm to 200 μm and adjusting the bulk density to 1-8 g/cm³. This optimization of physical parameters reduces the negative impact of phase transitions and sodium inventory consumption, thereby improving first cycle reversible coulombic efficiency while maintaining high energy density.
2Speed
If tin particles with smaller size are used, then rate capability is improved, but mechanical integrity deteriorates due to volume changes during charge and discharge
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the particle size parameter to a specific range (1 μm to 200 μm) that balances rate capability and mechanical integrity. This parameter optimization prevents excessive volume change effects while maintaining sufficient reaction kinetics, thereby preserving both rate capability and mechanical integrity during battery operation.
3Strength
If tin particles with larger size are used, then mechanical integrity is improved, but electrochemical performance deteriorates due to reduced surface area for reactions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling particle size within the range of 1 μm to 200 μm and bulk density within 1-8 g/cm³. This optimized parameter range ensures sufficient surface area for electrochemical reactions while maintaining adequate mechanical integrity, thereby achieving balanced electrochemical performance.
4Productivity
If conventional manufacturing processes are used, then production capacity is maintained, but manufacturing complexity increases due to additional steps required to mitigate side reactions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-optimizing the particle size and bulk density parameters of the tin material before electrode fabrication. This preliminary optimization of material properties reduces the need for additional manufacturing steps to mitigate side reactions, thereby simplifying the overall manufacturing process while maintaining production capacity.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided herein are electrode composite materials comprising a plurality of particles comprising tin (Sn), where at least some of the plurality of particles has an average particle diameter of from about 1 μm to about 200 μm. Electrodes and batteries incorporating the compounds, compositions, and composite materials are disclosed. Methods of manufacturing the compounds, compositions, and composite materials are also disclosed.