Built-In Tire Antenna Using Resin to Cut Ground Radar Reflection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Ground penetrating radars experience significant energy loss due to the reflection of radar waves at the air-ground interface, as there is a substantial difference in relative permittivity between free space and the ground, leading to reduced sensitivity in detecting buried infrastructure.
Innovation Solution
A tire with a built-in antenna is designed, where the antenna is embedded in a radio wave transmissive resin, allowing radar waves to propagate through the tire and minimize reflection at the ground surface, using materials like polyethylene or Teflon with permittivity closer to that of the ground, thereby maintaining more energy for detection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If radar waves are emitted from an antenna through free space propagation, then the antenna can transmit radar waves, but most of the radar waves are reflected at the ground surface boundary due to significant difference in relative permittivity between air and ground, causing energy loss
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a resin material as an intermediary medium between the antenna and the ground. This resin has a relative permittivity that is intermediate between air and ground, creating a gradual transition that reduces the reflection at the air-ground interface. The resin acts as a matching layer that enables smoother electromagnetic wave transmission into the ground, thereby reducing energy loss and improving detection reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the electromagnetic parameter (relative permittivity) of the medium surrounding the antenna from air (relative permittivity ≈ 1) to a resin material with higher relative permittivity that is closer to that of the ground. This parameter change reduces the impedance mismatch at the ground interface, minimizing reflection and maximizing energy transmission into the ground for improved subsurface detection.
2Loss of energy
If the antenna is embedded in a radio wave transmissive resin, then reflection of radar waves at the ground surface is suppressed, but the device structure becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the antenna structure with the resin medium by embedding the antenna directly into the resin. This integration eliminates the need for separate mounting structures and complex assembly processes. The resin serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides electrical insulation, mechanical support, and electromagnetic matching, thereby reducing overall device complexity while maintaining the energy efficiency benefits.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the energy of radar waves incident on the ground, improving the sensitivity and effectiveness of ground penetrating radar systems in locating buried objects by reducing unnecessary reflections and increasing the intensity of the reflected waves.
Implementation Method 1
The antenna transmits a radar wave when an antenna surface of the tire facing a radiation surface of the antenna comes into contact with a ground surface
Implementation Method 2
using materials like polyethylene or Teflon with permittivity closer to that of the ground, thereby maintaining more energy for detection
Implementation Method 3
Since there is a significant difference between the relative permittivity of the air in the free space and the relative permittivity of the ground, most of the radar waves emitted from the antenna are reflected at the boundary of the ground surface, causing an energy loss
Data Source
AI summary
A tire with a built-in antenna includes a radio wave transmissive resin filled in the tire and an antenna arranged in the radio wave transmissive resin, and the antenna transmits a radar wave when an antenna surface of the tire facing a radiation surface of the antenna comes into contact with a ground surface.