Tire Rolling Simulation with Coupled Thermal Models
Solution Overview
Problem
Existing tire simulation methods fail to provide completely realistic values for longitudinal forces, transverse forces, and self-aligning torque, especially in situations of significant and variable stress, due to their reliance on non-physical parameters and inadequate thermal modeling.
Innovation Solution
A method that incorporates a mechanical model coupled with local and global thermal models to simulate the physical behavior of a tire during rolling, accounting for temperature-dependent adhesion and shear modulus, and iteratively calculating forces and torque by discretizing the contact area and updating dynamic parameters in real-time.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a physical model of the tire is used to simulate forces and torque, then the simulation accuracy is improved, but the computational complexity increases due to the need to model temperature-dependent material properties and coupled thermal-mechanical behavior
Solution Approach 1:
The contact area is divided into multiple elementary surfaces along the first dimension, allowing the model to process temperature and force variations in discrete segments. This segmentation enables the complex thermal-mechanical coupling to be handled in manageable steps while maintaining overall accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The model pre-establishes the relationship between temperature and material properties (adhesion coefficient and shear modulus) before force calculation. By determining temperature distribution and its effect on material properties in advance, the model reduces computational complexity during the actual force and torque calculation phases.
2Reliability
If temperature-dependent material properties are incorporated into the simulation model, then the realism of force and torque values is improved, but the number of calculations and processing time increase
Solution Approach 1:
The model processes temperature and force calculations in periodic cycles corresponding to wheel revolutions. By structuring the computation around the periodic nature of tire rotation, the model efficiently handles time-dependent thermal effects without requiring continuous complex calculations throughout the entire simulation period.
Solution Approach 2:
The model determines temperature distribution and material property variations before calculating forces and torque. This preliminary thermal analysis allows the subsequent mechanical calculation to use pre-determined temperature-dependent parameters, significantly reducing the computational time required for the main force calculation.
3Measurement precision
If the contact area is discretized into elementary surfaces for iterative calculation, then the precision of force distribution is improved, but the device complexity and computational resources required increase
Solution Approach 1:
The contact area is segmented into elementary surfaces along the first dimension, enabling precise local force calculation while maintaining a relatively simple overall computational structure. Each elementary surface is processed independently through the same calculation routine, which simplifies the computational architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The model discretizes the contact area to a sufficient degree to achieve accurate force distribution without over-segmenting. By choosing an appropriate number of elementary surfaces that provides adequate precision without excessive division, the model balances accuracy requirements with computational efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables the calculation of realistic longitudinal forces, transverse forces, and self-aligning torque in real-time, providing a more accurate simulation of tire behavior under various stress conditions.
Implementation Method 1
variations in a contact temperature of the tread with the ground from the entrance to the exit of the contact area as a result of contact and sliding of the tread rolling with the ground
Implementation Method 2
variations, over a period of at least one revolution of the wheel, of a peripheral temperature of the tread and an internal temperature of the tire as a function of previously known or estimated values of the peripheral and internal temperatures, of a thermal conduction coefficient of the tread
Implementation Method 3
a model of the longitudinal forces, the transverse forces, and a self-aligning torque, transmitted by the tire between the ground and the vehicle, as a function of specific physical parameters, including a coefficient of adhesion
Implementation Method 4
a model of the longitudinal forces, the transverse forces, and a self-aligning torque, transmitted by the tire between the ground and the vehicle, as a function of specific physical parameters, including a shear modulus of the rubber mixture
Data Source
Figure 1~3
Figure 4~5
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AI summary
The invention relates to a method for simulating the behaviour of a tyre mounted on a vehicle in running conditions on the ground, wherein said method comprises a mechanical model for essentially computing the longitudinal (Fx) and transverse (Fy) stresses transmitted by the tyre between the ground and the vehicle according to dynamic parameters related to the physical conditions of the tyre running and use and according to physical tyre-specific parameters. According to the invention, the mechanical model is coupled to a local thermal model that takes into account the influence of the temperature on the adherence ratio, and to a global thermal model that takes into account the influence of the temperature on the shear modulus of the tyre rubber. Applicability: real-time simulation of a vehicle dynamic behaviour.