Tissue Impedance Probe Boundary Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing tissue impedance measurement probes often produce false positive results when positioned over tissue boundaries, leading to inaccurate diagnoses due to impedance spectrum overlap between different tissue types.

Innovation Solution

A probe with a controller and processor that uses a balanced current path between diagonally opposite electrodes to determine if the probe is placed over homogeneous tissue, providing a visual or audio warning if a tissue boundary is detected, allowing for repositioning to avoid false positives.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Area of stationary object

If the probe is placed over a tissue boundary to expand measurement coverage, then the measurement area is increased, but false positive results occur due to impedance spectrum overlap between different tissue types

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement areaVSAvoiddiagnostic accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The probe divides the measurement function into two separate measurement modes: a first measurement mode for measuring impedance across the entire probe surface, and a second measurement mode for measuring impedance at specific regions between electrode pairs. This segmentation allows the system to detect tissue boundaries by comparing regional impedance variations while maintaining overall measurement coverage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the measurement parameters by switching between different measurement modes. In the first mode, impedance is measured across all electrodes; in the second mode, impedance is measured between specific electrode pairs. By comparing parameter differences between these modes, the system identifies tissue boundaries and prevents false positives while maintaining expanded measurement coverage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of manufacture

If the probe uses a simple four-electrode configuration for ease of manufacture, then manufacturing complexity is reduced, but the ability to detect tissue boundaries is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprobe structureVSAvoidtissue boundary detection
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The four-electrode configuration serves multiple functions: it measures overall tissue impedance in the first measurement mode and detects tissue boundaries in the second measurement mode by measuring impedance between specific electrode pairs. This multi-functionality allows the simple structure to achieve both ease of manufacture and sufficient tissue boundary detection capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The probe dynamically switches between different measurement modes using the same four electrodes. The controller activates different electrode pairs for measurement based on the selected mode, allowing the static physical structure to perform dynamic measurement functions that improve tissue boundary detection without increasing manufacturing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively reduces false positive results by accurately determining tissue homogeneity, ensuring reliable impedance measurements by alerting operators to reposition the probe, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy.

Implementation Method 1

measurements of tissue impedance in medical diagnosis applications

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical Impedance: Electrical Resistance

Implementation Method 2

An ac current I1 of 10 μA peak-to-peak is passed between two adjacent electrodes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAlternating Current:

Implementation Method 3

the real part of the resulting potential V1 between the two remaining electrodes is measured

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPotential Difference: Electric Field

Implementation Method 4

The ratio of the measured potential to the amplitude of the current determines the transfer impedance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTransfer Impedance: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP1901650B1Probe for measuring the impedance of human or animal body tissue
Publication Date: 2014.02.19 SHEFFIELD TEACHING HOSPITALS NHS FOUND TRUST
  • EP1901650B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP1901650B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

A method for determining whether a probe for measuring the impedance of human or animal body tissue has been placed over a boundary between different tissue types is described. The probe used in the method comprises at least a first (16), a second (22), a third (18) and a fourth (20) electrode arranged such that the third (18) and fourth (20) electrodes are each located substantially the same distance from both the first (16) and second (22) electrodes. The method comprises: driving a current between the first (16) and the second (22) electrodes; measuring a first value of an electrical parameter between the third (18) and the fourth (20) electrode; and determining whether the probe has been placed over a boundary between different tissue types based on the first value. A probe for carrying out the method is also described.