Tissue Layer Spectrometry Using Multi-Wavelength Irradiance Modeling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for non-invasive, in vivo measurement of biomarkers, chemicals, and chromophores in differentiated biological tissue layers are inefficient and lack accuracy in determining physical characteristics such as oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, muscle oxygen consumption, and nitric oxide levels.
Innovation Solution
A system comprising multiple light sources emitting different wavelengths, light sensors, and processors that utilize a stochastic model to determine irradiance distribution and characteristic attenuation coefficients, enabling precise measurement of tissue layers and their associated blood supply.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional spectrophotometric measurement methods are used, then the measurement process is simple, but the accuracy in determining physical characteristics of tissue layers is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the tissue into multiple differentiated layers (epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscle) and applies separate optical properties and absorption coefficients to each layer. This segmentation allows accurate determination of physical characteristics in each specific layer rather than treating tissue as a homogeneous medium, directly resolving the measurement precision issue.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transforms traditional reflectance measurements into irradiance distribution data by changing the mathematical parameters used in analysis. By incorporating the stochastic model with Monte Carlo simulation and changing from simple reflectance ratios to irradiance distribution parameters, the system achieves higher accuracy in determining physical characteristics while maintaining computational feasibility.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple light sources with different wavelengths are used, then the ability to measure different biomarkers improves, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes a single spectrophotometric system capable of measuring multiple biomarkers (oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, nitric oxide, S-nitrosothiols, water, glycogen) by using multiple wavelengths of light. Each wavelength targets specific chromophores, allowing one device to perform multiple measurement functions that would otherwise require separate specialized devices.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent adds the wavelength dimension to the measurement system by incorporating multiple light sources operating at different wavelengths. This dimensional expansion allows the system to differentiate between various biomarkers based on their unique spectral absorption characteristics, enabling versatile multi-parameter measurement without requiring physically separate measurement systems.
3Measurement precision
If stochastic model with Monte Carlo simulation is applied, then the irradiance distribution accuracy improves, but the computational processing time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs Monte Carlo simulations in advance to pre-calculate irradiance distribution patterns for different tissue layer configurations and optical properties. These pre-computed results are stored and then used during actual measurements, allowing the system to achieve high accuracy without performing time-consuming simulations in real-time, thus reducing computational processing time while maintaining precision.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate, non-invasive quantification of biomarkers, chemicals, and chromophores in distinct tissue layers, providing real-time biofeedback on parameters like muscle oxygenation, nitric oxide levels, and internal training load, enhancing exercise performance and health monitoring.
Implementation Method 1
at least one light sensor configured to non-invasively measure reflected light within the region of interest of the subject
Implementation Method 2
spectrometry is based on using single or multiple light sources that produce energy of various wavelengths to radiate biological tissue(s)
Data Source
AI summary
At least one light source may be configured to illuminate a region of interest of a subject, and at least one light sensor may be configured to non-invasively measure reflected light within the region of interest. At least one processor may perform processing comprising receiving at least one measured value of light from the at least one light sensor. From the measured value of light, the processor may determine at least one thickness or depth of at least one tissue layer within the region of interest of the subject and/or perform further processing to determine at least one physical characteristic of the region of interest of the subject.